Psychotrauma occurs as a result to a traumatic event, which may involve witnessing someone's actual death or personally experiencing serious physical injury, assault, rape and sexual abuse, being held as a hostage, or a threat to physical or psychological integrity. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder and was defined in the past as railway spine, traumatic war neurosis,...

BACKGROUND Clinical data has indicated that exposure to trauma and meeting diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common among individuals with a history of conduct disorder. However, these relationships have not been adequately examined in a population-based sample. METHODS Data were drawn from Wave 2 of the U.S. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related ...

Numerous studies have identified risk factors for acute and long-term posttraumatic stress symptoms following traumatic exposure. However, little is known about whether there are common pathways to the development of acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research suggests that a common path to ASD and PTSD may lie in peritraumatic responses and cognitions. The re...

What Is Post-traumatic Stress Disorder? Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can occur after a person has experienced or witnessed life-threatening events such as military combat, natural disasters, terrorist incidents, serious accidents, or violent personal assaults such as rape (National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Web Site, 2006). It has been demons...

The body’s stress response is an essential adaptive and protective mechanism to cope with threatening situations. However, chronic or traumatic stress leads to structural and functional alterations in the traumatized brain. We argue for a building-block effect: Exposure to different types of traumatic events increases the probability of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), via incre...

Since 1999, almost 16,000 Kosovar refugees have entered the United States. Few studies have investigated trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in this population. We conducted a caseworker-assisted survey of 129 Kosovar refugees (aged 18 to 79 years, 55% male). Of these individuals, 78 (60.5%) showed the likely presence of PTSD. The mean number of war-related traumatic eve...

Characterization of cognitive and behavioral complaints is explored in Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) samples according to the severity of PTSD, depression and general anxiety conditions. Self-reported questionnaires on cognitive and behavioral changes are administered to PTSD, MTBI, MTBI/PTSD and control groups. Confounding variables are controlled...

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of traumatic stress studies from the three Baltic countries-Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia-and reveal how specific social context contributes to the topics relevant in traumatic stress field in the region. Traumatic stress studies in the Baltic countries are closely related to the complicated history of the region. It was only since the restoratio...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) often coexist because brain injuries are often sustained in traumatic experiences. This review outlines the significant overlap between PTSD and TBI by commencing with a critical outline of the overlapping symptoms and problems of differential diagnosis. The impact of TBI on PTSD is then described, with increasing evidence s...