"This material was prepared by resident physicians in partial fulfillment of educational requirements established for the Postgraduate Training Program of the UTMB Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and was not intended for clinical use in its present form. It was prepared for the purpose of stimulating group discussion in a conference setting. No warranties, either express or i...

OBJECTIVE To determine the etiology and site of leak of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and the surgical efficacy of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS), in closing the defect of CSF leak by different graft materials. STUDY DESIGN Case series. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of ENT-Head and Neck Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from September 2005 to D...

BACKGROUND Intrasphenoidal encephaloceles are extremely rare findings. Sternberg's canal is a lateral craniopharyngeal canal resulting from incomplete fusion of the greater wings of the sphenoid bone with the basisphenoid. It acts as a weak spot of the skull base, which may lead to develop a temporal lobe encephalocele protruding into the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus (SS). CASE DESCRI...

In some previous cases of clival bone fracture in patients with severe head injury, the diagnosis of clival bone fracture was relatively complicated. Regarding the incidence of clival fractures, some reports have shown an incidence of between 0.21% and 1.2% among traumatic brain injury victims who are admitted to hospital (1-3). The relationship between the site of the head and the type of frac...

Spontaneous cerebrospinal rhinorrhea is a rare clinical condition. More commonly it develops due to cerebral tumors or hydrocephalus; it is seldom seen in association with empty sella syndrome. A sixty-three-year-old woman who presented with left nasal discharge was hospitalized on the suspicion of CSF rhinorrhea. Analysis of the nasal fluid revealed a clear color, a positive Pandy's test, and ...

An unusual case of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea with a pneumocephalus is described in a middle-aged woman who presented with a watery nasal discharge for 1 week and headache, vomiting, and fever for 1 day. The neurological examination revealed meningeal signs and bilateral papilledema. The CSF picture suggested pyogenic meningitis, and computed tomography of the brain reveal...

We herein describe a case of 44-year old female who presented with a chief complaint of gustatory rhinorrhea from childhood, in which gustatory stimuli caused bilateral excessive, watery nasal secretion. No abnormality of taste acuity was observed. This disorder was presumably caused by faulty regenerated parasympathetic nerve fibers reaching the nasal mucosa or possibly, by a congenital condit...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine tympanometric values of children who attend Oporto daycare centers and further analyze any relations with host and environmental factors. METHODS Cross sectional study in a randomly selected sample of 117 daycare children up-to 3-years old from Oporto. Tympanometric measures were collected. RESULTS Children presented in left ear (LE) a mean p...