Orthopedic trauma patients are routinely transfused for anemia even when asymptomatic at rest, despite there being relatively little scientific evidence as to what level of anemia can be safely tolerated. Some surgeons prefer a more liberal approach, transfusing to keep hemoglobin (Hgb) levels at 7.0 g/dL or higher; others prefer a more conservative approach, allowing Hgb levels to drop below 7...

introduction: diaphragmatic hernia could be caused by congenital disorders, blunt trauma or penetrating injuries. the diagnosis of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is normally neglected during the first presentation leading to late complications and considerably increased mortality and morbidity among the patients. materials and methods: in this retrospective, descriptive study, we reviewed the m...

OBJECTIVES To report complications of cochlear implantation (CI) in children and to analyze risk factors. DESIGN Retrospective study from January 1, 1990, through April 30, 2008, with a mean follow-up of 5.5 years (range, 1 month to 17 years). SETTING Tertiary academic center. PATIENTS Four hundred thirty-four patients younger than 16 years. Mean age at CI was 4.7 (range, 0.6-16.0) years....

An important complication of chest trauma is serious cardiac problems. The fatal conditions like cardiac arrhythmias, including ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac arrest can occur in both cardiac concussion (commotio cordis) and cardiac contusion (contusio cordis). Commotio cordis is to be distinguished from cardiac contusion (contusio cordis) or blunt cardiac injury, a condition in wh...

Traumatic injuries of the extrahepatic biliary tract are infrequent, occurring in approximately 0.5% of all patients with blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. The incidence of this injury due to blunt abdominal trauma is rare. This study reviewed patients with injuries of the extrahepatic biliary tract due to abdominal trauma over a 6-year period to determine the incidence, trauma scores, as...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS External auditory canal (EAC) trauma, although rare, can have significant long-term adverse outcomes. This study aims to investigate the frequency, treatment, and complications of external ear canal injury in association with mandibular and temporal bone trauma. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. METHODS Computed tomography images with mandibular or temporal bone...