Institutional review board approval and waiver of consent were obtained for the patient component of this retrospective HIPAA-compliant study. By using an anthropomorphic phantom and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor detectors, radiation dose was determined for one eight-detector row and two 16-detector row computed tomographic (CT) protocols. A custom phantom was scanned by usi...

Carbon fibre (CF) based structural batteries is a type of battery designed to sustain mechanical loads. In this paper, fully coupled thermo–electro–chemo–mechanical computational modelling framework for CF-based presented. We consider the combined effects lithium insertion in carbon fibres leading strains, and thermal expansion/shrinkage constituents (free) while assuming transverse isotropy. T...

We classify the ODEs that correspond to elliptic CR-manifolds with maximal isotropy. It follows that the dimension of the isotropy group of an elliptic CR-manifold can be only 10 (for the quadric), 4 (for the listed examples) or less. This is in contrast with the situation of hyperbolic CR-manifolds, where the dimension can be 10 (for the quadric), 6 or 5 (for semi-quadrics) or less than 4. We ...

The analogue of Lagrangians for symplectic forms over finite groups is studied, motivated by the fact that symplectic G-forms with a normal Lagrangian N⊳G are in one-to-one correspondence, up to inflation, with bijective 1-cocycle data on the quotients G/N . This yields a method to construct groups of central type from such quotients, known as Involutive Yang-Baxter groups. Another motivation f...

The isotropy of products of Pfister forms is studied. In particular, an improved lower bound on the value of their first Witt index is obtained. This result and certain of its corollaries are applied to the study of the weak isotropy index (or equivalently, the sublevel) of arbitrary quadratic forms. The relationship between this invariant and the level of the form is investigated. The problem ...

Tissot indicatrices have provided visual measures of local area and isotropy distortions. Here we show how large scale distortions of flexion (bending) and skewness (lopsidedness) can be measured. Area and isotropy distortions depend on the map projection metric, flexion and skewness, which manifest themselves on continental scales, depend on the first derivatives of the metric. We introduce ne...

Owing to the production process, short fiber reinforced composites exhibit a pronounced anisotropy of both elastic properties and crack growth resistance. In particular latter issue has major impact on deflection inevitably be taken into account for sake an accurate prediction paths. The perpendicular axes transverse isotropy are associated with orientations, whereupon in direction encounters l...

Abstract Anisotropy of subsurface media can affect the seismic wave travel time estimates, and then imaging target regions. To calibrate effect anisotropy, a VTI (transverse isotropy with vertical symmetry axis) least-squares reverse-time migration (LSRTM) algorithm is used. However, if data contains noise especially outliers, high-quality images cannot be produced by LSRTM based on an L2 norm....

We examine two models for human perception of shape from texture, based on two assumptions about the surface texture: isotropy and homogeneity. Observers made orientation judgments on planar textured surfaces. Surface textures were either isotropic or anisotropically stretched or compressed. If subjects used an isotropy assumption, they would make biased orientation estimates for the anisotropi...

The breakdown of statistical homogeneity and isotropy of cosmic perturbations is a generic feature of ultra large scale structure of the cosmos, in particular, of non trivial cosmic topology. The statistical isotropy (SI) of the Cosmic Microwave Background temperature fluctuations (CMB anisotropy) is sensitive to this breakdown on the largest scales comparable to, and even beyond the cosmic hor...