The advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is an architecture for two-way communication between electric, gas and water meters and city utilities. The AMI network is a wireless sensor network that provides communication for metering devices in the neighborhood area of the smart grid. Recently, the applicability of a routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) has been considered in ...

The lines adequacy of the network is necessary to provide load demands when the network is expanding, because its lack caused by load interruption. In this paper, in order to take the transmission lines condition after expansion into account from the line loading view points, the adequacy of the transmission network is considered for the solution of the STNEP problem. To obtain the optimal netw...

It is known in the telecommunications network facility design area that a transmission system cost function may be decomposed into a fixed charge part and a linear cost part. The fixed charge part represents the initial investment cost of installing a transmission system on a link and the linear cost part represents the cost of installing circuits of the system. Using the cost function of this ...

Today, the electricity power system is the most complicated engineering system has ever been made. The integrated power generating stations with power transmission lines has created a network, called complex power network. The reliability estimation of such complex power networks is a very challenging problem, as one cannot find any immediate solution methods in current literature. In this pape...

This paper presents a multi-agent Double Deep Q Network (DDQN) based on deep reinforcement learning for solving the transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) of high-penetration renewable energy source (RES) system considering uncertainty. First, K-means algorithm that enhances extraction quality variable wind and load power uncertain characteristics is proposed. Its clustering objective f...