Curvature and mechanics are intimately connected for thin materials, and this coupling between geometry and physical properties is readily seen in folded structures from intestinal villi and pollen grains to wrinkled membranes and programmable metamaterials. While the well-known rules and mechanisms behind folding a flat surface have been used to create deployable structures and shape transform...

To represent real m-dimensional vectors, a positional vector system given by non-singular matrix M ∈ ℤm×m and digit set Ɗ ⊂ ℤm is used. If m = 1, the coincides with well known numeration used to numbers. We study some properties of systems which are transformable from case 1 higher dimensions. focus on an algorithm for parallel addition allowing eventually periodic representation vectors ration...

Origami structures enabled by folding and unfolding can create complex 3D shapes. However, even a small 3D shape can have large 2D unfoldings. The huge initial dimension of the 2D flattened structure makes fabrication difficult, and defeats the main purpose, namely compactness, of many origami-inspired engineering. In this work, we propose a novel algorithmic kirigami method that provides super...

concepts On top of this first layer of representation, we build up a hierarchy of concepts that represent the structural part of the programmer's expertise. As will be explained later, the concepts introduced here are used to define transformations. We divide these concepts into three categories: Abstract concepts built from fundamental concepts. These include partial descriptions of sounds, su...

We show that both flanking IS256 elements carried by transposon Tn4001 are capable of generating head-to-tail tandem copies and free circular forms, implying that both are active. Our results suggest that the tandem structures arise from dimeric copies of the donor or vector plasmid present in the population by a mechanism in which an IS256 belonging to one Tn4001 copy attacks an IS256 end carr...