The relationship between rhetoric and design has been the subject of numerous scholarly publications in the last fifty years, but has not been addressed by scholars of engineering design. This paper argues that the relationship is important for theory and practice of design in all its varieties, principally by providing evidence from the literature that rhetoric and design share key characteris...

The acquisition and incorporation of genetic material between nonmating species, or horizontal gene transfer (HGT), has been frequently described for phylogenetically related organisms, but far less evidence exists for HGT between highly divergent organisms. Here we report the identification and characterization of a horizontally transferred fragment of the human long interspersed nuclear eleme...

Exhaustion of chronically stimulated CD8(+) T cells is a significant obstacle to immune control of chronic infections or tumors. Although coinhibitory checkpoint blockade with anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) Ab can restore functions to exhausted T cell populations, recovery is often incomplete and dependent upon the pool size of a quiescent T-bet(high) subset that expresses lower levels ...

The speech of late second language (L2) learners is generally marked by an accent. The dominant theoretical perspective attributes accents to deficient L2 perception arising from a transfer of L1 phonology, which is thought to influence L2 perception and production. In this study we evaluate the explanatory role of L2 perception in L2 production and explore alternative explanations arising from...

The focus of this study is the role previously acquired languages in acquisition a third language (L3). It focused on cross-linguistic influences (CLI) German/Spanish lan- guage (TLA) by learners with Croatian first (L1) and English second (L2). Participants were third-year undergraduate students at Roch- ester Institute Technology’s subsidiary Croatia (RIT Croatia). All participants had exclus...

This paper reports on a study of metaphor comprehension and production in a multi-lingual setting using a translation task. Subjects were asked to translate sentences to and from their native language (Turkish) and their second language (English). The proportion of metaphors transferred between the languages during translation was examined. The results do not support forward transfer between L1...

Abstract Conversely to plenty of studies describing how L1 transfer affects L2 systems, where the two grammars, L1/L2, often only come interact later in life, less is known dominant language heritage grammars. Unlike speakers, speaker potentially its weaker already from childhood. Evidence transfer, however, exists production focusing on syntax. Therefore, an oral structural priming task was em...

1.1 Disfluencies in L2 speech For most of us, speaking a second language (L2) is a challenging task. Even if we call ourselves ‘fluent’ in the L2, we may at times find ourselves unsure about the grammar or at a loss for the right words. In fact, we are often not so fluent at all. The most obvious reason for this lack of fluency is a lack of proficiency, that is, a speaker has insufficient knowl...

Rhetoric and translation help to promote language cultural exchanges. Therefore, the study of two fields can be traced far back. Scholars focused on rhetorical devices long before. In order learn trend problem current rhetoric in China, this paper adopts method bibliometrics analyze relevant academic articles, theses dissertations published from1997 2021 China National Knowledge Infrastructure ...

This article addresses the problem of the ‘inscription’ of religious meaning within the poetic descriptions of the material world and existential experience; it analyses this problem with reference to the poetry of Gerard Manley Hopkins. The article begins with a brief review of Hopkins’ poetic goals, and then turns to the interrelations between the thematic and rhetorical concerns in his writi...