This study is based on optimizing the experimental conditions of biodiesel production by base-catalyzed transesterification using waste cooking oil (WCO). In this study, the key parameters varied were methanol (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40%), sodium hydroxide (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0g), reaction time (40, 60, 90, 100 and 120 minutes) and reaction temperature (50, 52, 55, 58, and 60 C). Maximum bio...

The wet biomass microalgae of Nannochloropsis sp. was converted to biodiesel using direct transesterification (DT) by microwave technique and ionic liquid (IL) as the green solvent. Three different ionic liquids; 1-butyl-3-metyhlimidazolium chloride ([BMIM][Cl], 1-ethyl-3-methylimmidazolium methyl sulphate [EMIM][MeSO4] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate [BMIM][CF3SO3]) ...

Quantification of a pH change that was observed over the course of the transesterification reaction that converts vegetable oil to biodiesel may provide a simple method to monitor the reaction. Transesterification of canola oil at 6:1 methanol to oil ratio with 0.5 wt.% KOH as catalyst was studied at 25, 35, and 45 °C. Reaction conversion was correlated to pH measurements and the results were s...

The effects of preparative parameters on the surface basicity, composition, and transesterification activities of several Ca-La metal oxide catalysts were investigated. Four different preparation methods: ammonia-ethanol-carbon dioxide precipitation, physical mixing, impregnation, and coprecipitation, were studied. It was found that the ammoniaethanol-carbon dioxide precipitation method resulte...

Since direct analysis of many aspects of spliceosomal function is greatly hindered by the daunting complexity of the spliceosome, the development of functionally validated simple model systems can be of great value. The critical role played by a base-paired complex of U6 and U2 snRNAs in splicing in vivo suggests that this complex could be a suitable starting point for the development of such a...

Use of biodiesel as an alternative to non-renewable sources of energy has become an attractive option in recent years. The enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel by transesterification of fats/oils with an alcohol is a much more sustainable route than the chemical method. However, cost effectiveness of the enzymatic route is a major barrier in its commercialization. In this work, a high activity bioc...

the transesterification process of trimethylphosphate with ethanol and isopropanol is examined. it is found that the reaction does not proceed in the absence of base even at temperature up to 100°c, whereas in the presence of sodium alkoxide as a catalyst it takes place at room temperature leading to a mixture of mono-,bi-, tri-substitute esters as well as the minor by-products resulting from t...

biodiesel fuel, which is produced by transesterification reaction between alcohol and vegetable oil/animal fat is proposed as a clean alternative to petro diesel fuel. today, one of the new technologies to produce biodiesel is using ultrasonic energy that makes production faster, with improved quality and less expensive. various factors that affect the design of ultrasonic reactors are ratio of...

Currently, most of the biodiesel is produced from the edible/refined type oil using methanol and alkaline catalyst. However, large amount of non-edible type oils and fats are available in our country. In this study, crude neem oil is used as alternative fuel for biodiesel production. The difficulty with alkaline transesterification of these oils have contained large amounts of free fatty acids ...