Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia, is a significant cause of embolic stroke. Although systemic anticoagulation is the primary strategy for preventing the thromboembolic complications of AF, anticoagulants carry major bleeding risks, and many patients have contraindications to their use. Because thromboembolism typically arises from a clot in the left atrial appendage ...

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most prevalent salivary tumor, 65% of which occur in major glands. This tumor varies in terms of size depending on the gland where it is located. The most common sites of the minor salivary glands are the palate, lips, cheeks, and throat. Palatal pleomorphic adenoma is laterally located, rarely crossing the midline. This tumor is painless with slow growth rate, which ...

Sir,?Under the above heading Dr. Huntly raises certain questions in connection with operative treatment of abscess of the liver. It does not appear, however, that his letter exhausts the debatable points, and it seems desirable to enquire whether the method usually employed to diagnose and localise a hepatic abscess, namely the thrusting of a trochar into the liver through the abdominal or thor...

The current controversial issue is focused on pediatric tonsillectomy, a surgical procedure that is learned early during specialist training and performed by almost all otolaryngologists worldwide. Besides being the most frequent ENT surgery, it is also one of the most frequently performed pediatric surgeries. Having said this, it becomes clear that tonsillectomy must be a simple procedure not ...

The aim of this case report was to describe the surgical sequence of crown lengthening to apically reposition the dentogingival complex, in addition to an esthetic restorative procedure. Many different causes can be responsible for short clinical crown. In these cases, the correct execution of a restorative or prosthetic rehabilitation requires an increasing of the crown length. According to th...

Native valve bacterial endocarditis is an uncommon, complex, and highly morbid disease that requires prolonged clinical treatment challenging surgical interventions. Transthoracic transesophageal echocardiography are paramount assessment tools whose findings included in the diagnostic criteria. Three-dimensional shows further realistic imaging details. Here we present a case demonstrating role ...

ObjectivesAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Drug treatment of AF usually leads to an unsatisfactory rate of recurrence. The Cox-maze III procedure for atrial fibrillation has been effective in restoring sinus rhythm in patients with mitral valve disease. MethodsFrom September 2000 to September 2002, 10 consecutive patients with rheumatic mitral valve dise...

OBJECTIVE Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been established as an alternative therapy for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are unfit for the surgical aortic valve replacements. Pre and periprocedural imaging for the TAVR procedure is the key to procedural success. Currently transesophageal echocardiography (TOE), including real-time three-dimensional (RT-3D) imaging TOE...

pseudoaneurysms of the ascending aorta, which are rare and life-threatening complications in cardiovascular surgeries, can be caused by the bentall procedure. we describe a 44-year-old woman, who had a medical history of acute aortic dissection (type a) and the bentall procedure and was admitted because of exertional dyspnea, edema of the lower extremities, ascites, and holosystolic murmur in t...

A patient developed aortic-to-right ventricular fistula after aortic valve replacement surgery and infective endocarditis. The fistula was not detected by transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography and color flow Doppler. The transesophageal study, however, was instrumental in diagnosing this entity and prompting surgical resection of the fistula.