Transdermal drug delivery systems are involved in the continuous administration of drug molecules from the surface of the skin into the circulatory system. Such systems have proved advantageous for delivery of certain drugs, such as scopolamine, nicotine, nitroglycerine, and estradiol. Compared with oral administration, transdermal drug delivery offers better uniformity of drug concentrations i...

It has been recognized that the vehicle in which a permeant is applied to the skin has a distinctive effect on the dermal and transdermal delivery of active ingredients. The cutaneous and percutaneous absorptions can be enhanced, e.g. by an increase in thermodynamic activity, supersaturation and penetration modifiers. Furthermore, dermal and transdermal delivery can be influenced by the interac...

drug-in-adhesive transdermal drug delivery systems  )tddss) containing stimulants, termed as energetic substances, such as caffeine and pantothenic acid, were studied. caffeine is a white crystalline substance and a stimulant to central nervous system. in humans, caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant, temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. pantothenic acid, al...

Transdermal drug delivery has made a notable contribution to medical practice, but has yet to fully achieve its potential as an alternative to oral delivery and hypodermic injections. While transdermal delivery systems would appear to provide an attractive solution for local and systemic drug delivery, only a limited number of drugs can be delivered through the outer layer of the skin. The most...

INTRODUCTION Crystallization of actives in skin following topical application was suggested by studies in the 1950s and 1960s but is poorly understood. In contrast, the problem of crystallization of actives on skin and in transdermal formulations has been known for many years. AREAS COVERED With respect to crystallization in skin, this review describes early reports of a skin 'reservoir' and ...

Ovarian cancer is the fifth most commonly occurring malignancy in women, with the highest mortality rate among all the gynecological tumors. Microparticulate vaccine can serve as an immunotherapeutic approach with a promising antigenic delivery system without a need for conventional adjuvants. In this study, a microparticulate vaccine using whole cell lysate of a murine ovarian cancer cell line...

Worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing with alarming proportions. Metformin is the first-line oral antidiabetic drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The objectives of the present study were to develop Metformin solid lipid nanoparticles (M-SLN) and incorporate it in the transdermal patches. M-SLN was evaluated for Particle size, Zeta potential, Surface morphology ...

BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, clear dispersions of water, oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant. This study was aimed to develop flurbiprofen microemulsion for enhanced transdermal delivery and investigate the effects of different surfactants and cosurfactants on its delivery and phase behavior. METHOD Various surfactant-cosurfactant mixtures...

UNLABELLED Despite wide application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of melanoma skin cancers, there are strong biomedical unmet needs for the effective generation of singlet oxygen after targeted delivery of photosensitizers. Here, we investigated a facile PDT of melanoma skin cancer using transdermal carbon dot - chlorine e6 - hyaluronate (Cdot-Ce6-HA) conjugates. The Cdot-Ce6-...

The introduction of a transdermal delivery system for fentanyl means that it is now more readily available. We present the first documented fatality after intravenous injection of the contents of a transdermal fentanyl patch. Prescribers need to be aware of the potential for misuse of fentanyl patches.