The vagus nerve (VN), the longest cranial nerve and an essential part of the parasympathetic system, connects the central nervous system to respiratory, cardiovascular, immune, gastrointestinal, and endocrine systems and is involved in the maintenance of homeostasis by controlling these systems. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is related to any method that would stimulate the vagal nerve via elec...

TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator) is a therapeutic device used to deliver electric current through one’s skin. As the device is used on the human body, safety concern becomes a matter that needs special attention. One option for electrical safety is testing whether the electrode has attached properly to the skin. The test is done in the interval of the simulator pulse. This opti...

This study compared the effects of unilateral and bilateral auricular transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on cutaneous pain threshold. Auricular acupuncture points were stimulated with low frequency, high intensity TENS for 45 seconds. Sixty healthy, adult subjects were assigned randomly to one of two treatment groups or to a control group. The two treatment groups received low frequenc...

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) refers to the delivery of electrical currents through the skin to activate peripheral nerves. The technique is widely used in developed countries to relieve a wide range of acute and chronic pain conditions, including pain resulting from cancer and its treatment. There are many systematic reviews on TENS although evidence is often inconclusive ...

Background: Low back pain and pelvic pain are most common symptoms of Primary dysmenorrhea. Most commonly used treatments are pharmacological drugs. TENS has been found to be effective for primary dysmenorrhea according to Parisa P. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) can be given in pre-menstrual days or during menstrual cycle and in both phases TENS has been shown to be effecti...

The stimulation of peripheral nerve regeneration has been studied in different ways, including the use of electrical fields. The capacity of this modality to enhance nerve regeneration is influenced by the parameters used, including current type, frequency, intensity, and means of administration. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a frequently used form of administering elect...