Abstract Adaptationism is often taken to be the thesis that most traits are adaptations. In order assess this thesis, it seems we must able establish either an exhaustive set of all or a representative sample set. Either task requires more systematic and principled way individuating than currently available. Moreover, different trait individuation criteria can make adaptationism turn out true f...

It is not economically feasible to sequence all study subjects in a large cohort. A cost-effective strategy is to sequence only the subjects with the extreme values of a quantitative trait. In the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Exome Sequencing Project, subjects with the highest or lowest values of body mass index, LDL, or blood pressure were selected for whole-exome sequencing. Fail...

Introduction & Objective: Anxiety among medical students is a major psychological problem and in the newest meta-analysis, its global prevalence rate is estimated to be 33.8%. Accordingly and since spiritual intelligence training can affect to resolve fundamental issues and enhance individuals' adaptability by facilitating communication with a superior and sacred power and the development of re...

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many disease associated loci, the majority of which have unknown biological functions. Understanding the mechanism underlying trait associations requires identifying trait-relevant tissues and investigating associations in a trait-specific fashion. Here, we extend the widely used linear mixed model to incorporate multiple SNP functional an...

hemoglobinopathies are the most common single gene disorders worldwide with a considerable frequency in certain area particularly mediterranean and middle eastern countries. hemoglobinopathies include structural variants of hemoglobin (hb s, hb c, hbe,…) and thalassaemias which are inherited defects in the globin chains synthesis. the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of h...