background:  in spite of many clear benefits of an active life style, lack of physical activity is considered to be a significant health problem in the college population. the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health promotion model-based training on promoting physical activity of the students. methods: this study is a randomized controlled trial one, in which 90 male student...

Prolonged exercise and heavy training are associated with depressed immune function which can increase the risk of picking up minor infections. To maintain robust immunity, athletes should eat a well-balanced diet sufficient to meet their energy, carbohydrate, protein, and micronutrient requirements. Dietary deficiencies of protein and specific micronutrients have long been associated with immu...

BACKGROUND/AIM Oxidative stress is a state of disturbed balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) on the one hand, and antioxidative defense on the other. As a result of oxidative stress we have irreversible changes in cell function leading to pathological tissue changes, development of many diseases and fast aging process. Increased consumption of oxygen...

There is no consensus on the amount of exercise necessary to improve pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function. We reviewed the pathophysiology of PFM dysfunction and the evolution of PFM training regimens since Kegel introduced the concept of pelvic floor awareness and the benefits of strength. This paper also describes the similarities and differences between PFM and other muscular groups, reviews t...

Zinc is an essential mineral of which its functions have potential implications on exercise performance and beneficial adaptations of physical activity. While the effects of aerobic exercise on zinc metabolism acutely have been well described, the effect of long-term exercise training on zinc status remains unclear. The present review aims to determine the effects of exercise training on marker...

skeletal muscle may develop adaptive chaperone and enhancementdefense system through daily exercisestimulation. the present study investigated resistance and exhaustion training alters the expression of chaperoneproteins. these proteins function to maintain homeostasis, facilitate repair from injury and provide protection. exercise-induced production of hsps in skeletal muscle and peripheral le...

The training of an internal medicine resident (IMR) in nuclear edicine (NM) represents the integration of a recently licensed ndividual in the health care activities of a NM department, with ncreasing responsibility and decreasing supervision over time. To o this, tools and resources are necessary to guarantee that this ntegration is adequately planned and supervised. The Royal Decree (RD) 183/...

This study aimed to compare maximal fat oxidation rate parameters between moderate- and low-performance runners. Eighteen runners performed an incremental treadmill test to estimate individual maximal fat oxidation rate (Fatmax) based on gases measures and a 10,000-m run on a track. The subjects were then divided into a low and moderate performance group using two different criteria: 10,000-m t...

Tana Wuliji, B.Pharm., is Project Manager, International Pharmaceutical Federation, P.O. Box 84200, 2508 AE The Hague, Netherlands ([email protected]). Ms. Wuliji received an honorarium from the International Pharmaceutical Federation for preparing this article and acting as a working-group facilitator. Copyright © 2009, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., and International Pharmace...