OBJECTIVE To determine the willingness to pay (WTP) and the benefit-cost of modern contraceptives delivered through the public sector in Nigeria. METHODS Data were collected from 4517 randomly selected households. The WTP for the 6 major contraceptive methods available in the public sector was elicited. Logistic regression was used to determine whether the decision to state a positive WTP amo...

We estimated cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) activities in erthrocytes and plasma of 443 men, 188 women not taking oral contraceptives, and 70 women who were taking oral contraceptives. Men in the first six decades of life had higher plasma cholinesterase activity than did women who were not taking oral contraceptives, and these women had higher plasma cholinesterase activity than women taking oral...

OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence of venous thromboembolism among women taking combined oral contraceptives before and after the October 1995 pill scare. DESIGN Analysis of General Practice Research Database. SETTING United Kingdom, January 1993 to December 1998. SUBJECTS Women aged 15-49 taking combined oral contraceptives. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of venous thromboembolism. ...

Four epidemiologic studies showed a twofold increase in risk of deep venous thrombosis with the use of oral contraceptives containing third-generation progestins, relative to second-generation products. These findings have been strongly debated ever since, and new studies have been added. In the current article we examine whether the findings can be explained by potential biases or other shortc...

INTRODUCTION Family planning is one of the cost-effective strategies in reducing maternal and child morbidity and mortality rates. Yet in Uganda, the contraceptive prevalence rate is only 30% among married women in conjunction with a persistently high fertility rate of 6.2 children per woman. These demographic indicators have contributed to a high population growth rate of over 3.2% annually. T...

BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is believed to be the most important cause of cervical cancer. Recent studies suggest that long duration use of oral contraceptives increases the risk of cervical cancer in HPV positive women. METHODS Results from published studies were combined to examine the relationship between invasive and in situ cervical cancer and duration and recency of use of hor...

INTRODUCTION The improved nutrition and socioeconomic status of the population in industrialized countries has resulted in a decrease in the mean age at menarche. This trend raises the question of whether cigarette smoking and the use of oral contraceptives, health behaviors often adopted during adolescence, may also be starting at a younger age. Cigarette smoking and use of oral contraceptives...

BACKGROUND Family planning can reduce deaths, improve health, and facilitate economic development in resource-limited settings. Yet, modern contraceptive methods are often underused. This mixed-methods study, conducted in rural Burundi, sought to explain low uptake of contraceptives by identifying utilization barriers. Results may inform development of family planning interventions in Burundi a...