Trace conditioning is a form of associative learning that can be induced by presenting a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) following each other, but separated by a temporal gap. This gap distinguishes trace conditioning from classical delay conditioning, where the CS and US overlap. To bridge the temporal gap between both stimuli and to form an association between CS ...

| We illustrate the sensitivity of trace driven simulation results to the completeness of the input trace data. This is done by comparing cache simulation results obtained using traces similar to many found in the published literature with those obtained using a hardware monitor which we have developed. Cache miss rates from single process traces without operating system references are shown to...

The trace assertion method is a formal state machine based method for specifying module A module interface speciication treats the module as a black-box, identifying all module's access programs (i.e. programs that can be invoked from outside of the module), and describing their externally visible eeects. A formal model for the trace assertion method is proposed. The concept of step-traces is i...

This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the commonly used cosmetic products such as eyeshadows, eyeliners, and skin whitening creams in markets of Sanandaj city, Iran in 2014. In this study, 60 samples comprising of three different types of eyeshadows, eyeliners, and skin whitening creams were purchased randomly from different cosmetic s...

Assembly of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein on budding virus particles is important for efficient infection of target cells. In infected cells, lipid rafts have been proposed to form platforms for virus assembly and budding. Gag precursors partly associate with detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) that are believed to represent lipid rafts. The cytoplasmic ...

The use of stored envelope functions is common to many audio signal synthesis techniques. This table lookup method is Susceptible to audible defects in the synthesized output if care is not taken in the design of the synthesis algorithm, particularly when the rate at which values from the envelope table are accessed is to vary with time. A useful strategy is presented for altering the effective...

We construct a class of envelope surfaces in R, more precisely envelopes of balls. An envelopesurface is a closed C (tangent continuous) manifold wrapping tightly around the union of aset of balls. Such a manifold is useful in modeling since the union of a finite set of balls canapproximate any closed smooth manifold arbitrarily close.The theory of envelope surfaces generali...