A submerged biological filter packed with clayey schists from brick industrial waste as support material was used to treat landfill leachate. The pilot-scale plant consisted of two separated reactors, running in aerated and non-aerated conditions respectively. The leachate was taken from a landfill in Granada (southeast Spain) and was considered as partially stabilized with average chemical oxy...

To identify the main soil properties influencing dynamics of iron in agricultural land use activities south-east Côte d'Ivoire, samples were taken from fields rubber, rice and natural forest, plots block B29. The concentrations soils determined by atomic emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma, physical chemical characteristics (pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, assimilable phos...

The colicin A lysis protein, Cal, is synthesized at the same time as colicin A by Escherichiu coli harbouring plasmid pColA after induction by mitomycin C. Its function in the induced bacteria involves the release of colicin A, quasi-lysis, the death of the producing cells and the activation of the outer membrane phospholipase A. We have found that these various functions are affected different...

We consider algebraic speciications with observational features. Axioms as well as observations are formulae of full (Many-Sorted) First Order Logic with Equality. The associated semantics is based on a non standard interpretation of equality called observational equality. We study the adequacy of this semantics for software specii-cation and the relationship with behavioural equivalence of alg...

Recent results in the chemistry of disubstituted carbenium ions (vinyl cations and phenyl cations) are described separately under three different sections: From kinetic and solvolytic data of several 1—cyclobutenyl nonaflates, the intermediacy of a non-classical vinyl cation, namely the 1-cyclobutenyl cation 2 is established. Cycloaddition reactions of solvolytically generated vinyl cations wit...

Azaoxyallyl cations represent a family of versatile and powerful synthetic synthons, which are generally in situ generated from a-halohydroxamates in the presence of organic or inorganic bases. Owing to the unique structural features and reactivities of azaoxyallyl cations, some various efforts have been made to enrich the synthetic methodology of azaoxyallyl cations (Scheme 1, 1). In 2011, Jef...

A BASIC program is presented which facilitates the formulation of biologically relevant chemical solutions containing specified free concentrations of as many as three divalent metal cations (Ca2+, Mg2+ and the choice of a third divalent cation) at any pH in the presence of as many as three ligands (EGTA, ATP and GTP). The program uses the law of mass action and the absolute stability (associat...

The competition between sodium and various other monovalent cations that bind to helical DNA in aqueous solution has been studied by (23)Na NMR. Variations in the sodium linewidth with the concentration of the other ion have been analyzed with an equation that describes the competitive binding in terms of two parameters: r, the total extent of counterion binding, and D, a measure of the binding...

This paper generalizes the speci cation of Basic Interval Arithmetic Subroutines (BIAS) to support interval arithmetic on directed (i.e. proper and improper) intervals. This is due to our understanding that the arithmetic involving improper intervals will be increasingly used in future applications and the corresponding interval arithmetic implementations require no additional cost. We extend B...

The influence of polyvalent cations on the activation of end plate receptors has been studied in vitro on the sartorius muscle of the frog. In the absence of extracellular calcium, the sensitivity of the receptors to depolarizing quaternary ammonium salts was markedly reduced. Maximum receptor activation occurred in those fibers equilibrated in 1.8 m calcium Ringer solution, with the response b...