Urea clearance (Kt/V urea), adjusted for total body water (TBW) using the Watson formula (TBW(Watson)), is widely used to guide peritoneal dialysis (PD) prescription and to ensure dialysis adequacy. The impact of body composition on the determination of TBW(Watson) is well established, but the effect of hydration and nutrition status on TBW(Watson) is not understood. We therefore studied the ef...

BACKGROUND Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an attractive method of measuring pediatric body composition in the field, but the applicability of existing equations to diverse populations has been questioned. OBJECTIVE The objectives were to evaluate the performance of 13 published pediatric BIA-based predictive equations for total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM) and to refit ...

AIMS Maintaining euvolemia is an important goal in patients on renal replacement therapy. However, adequate assessment of volume status in clinical practice is hampered by a lack of accurate measuring tools. A new multifrequency bioimpedance tool has recently been validated. This study compares volume status in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients in a single center. METHOD...

BACKGROUND Obesity has become a major public health challenge in recent years. Recent studies suggest that alterations of the gut microbiota by antibiotics could play an important role in obesity. METHODS We investigated this topic using 60 Wistar rats, which were divided into 3 experimental groups: rats treated with amoxicillin, rats treated with amoxicillin plus Saccharomyces boulardii and ...

The use of dilution of urea or deuterium oxide ( D 2 0 ) to estimate body water in cattle, sheep and pigs is reviewed. After equilibration, which requires about 20 min after infusion of urea and 4 to 6 h after infusion of D 2 0 , urea and D , 0 space estimated from dilution in water of blood are each closely related to total body water. Calculation of body composition from total body water can ...

A theoretical calculation of the total nonaqueous exchangeable hydrogen in protein, carbohydrates, and fat in man has been made. It shows that of the total exchangeable hydrogen in the body 5.22% is located in biochemical components, soluble in body water, containing hydrogen that is exchangeable with the isotope. This value represents a maximum upward distortion of total body water measurement...

This study estimated total body water (TBW) in four groups (twelve per group; sedentary and highly trained men and women) at the time of H dosing (T0) and after a 3·5 h equilibration period (Teq). Standard TBW calculations were employed at T0 (no correction for disproportionate urinary tracer loss) and Teq (correction for urinary tracer loss only), plus those calculations that corrected for a d...

The normalization of GFR to a standardized body-surface area of 1.73 m(2) impedes comparison of GFR across individuals of different genders, heights, or weights. Ideally, GFR should be normalized to a parameter that best explains variation in GFR. Here, we measured true GFR by iohexol clearance in a representative sample of 1627 individuals from the general population who did not have diabetes,...

BACKGROUND Several formulae exist for estimating total body water (TBW). We aimed to assess their validity in peritoneal dialysis patients by comparison with TBW estimated by deuterium oxide dilution (TBW(D)). METHODS We compared the equations of Chertow (TBW(Cher)), Chumlea (TBW(Chum)), Hume and Weyers (TBW(HW)), Johansson (TBW(J)), Lee (TBW(L)), Watson (TBW(W)) and TBW as 58% of body weight...