In this study a coupled thermodynamics and crankshaft dynamics model of large two-stroke diesel engine was utilised, to map the relationship Instantaneous Crankshaft Torque (ICT) with following frequently occurring malfunctioning conditions: (a) change in Start Injection (SOI), (b) Rate Heat Release (RHR), (c) scavenge air pressure, (d) blowby. This performed using frequency analysis on ICT, wh...

Spin–orbit torque (SOT) characterization techniques generally require the Hall cross that demands lithography resources and time. It is highly desirable to characterize SOT efficiencies with minimal sample processing Here, we demonstrate a lithography-free technique determine spin–orbit efficiency in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy ferromagnetic heterostructure. By utilizing customized four-p...

the efficiency of induction motors decreases at light loads. efficiency optimizer control systemsadjust the motor flux value to achieve the best efficiency in a wide range of load variations. reduced fluxoperation has some other benefits such as power factor improvement and torque ripple reduction. the latter isan important issue in a direct torque controlled induction motor drive. in this pape...