This study investigates a generalization of the Canadian Traveller Problem (CTP), which finds real applications in dynamic navigation systems used to avoid traffic congestion. Given a road network G = (V, E) in which there is a source s and a destination t in V , every edge e in E is associated with two possible distances: original d(e) and jam d+(e). A traveller only finds out which one of the...

This study investigates a generalization of the Canadian Traveller Problem (CTP), which finds real applications in dynamic navigation systems used to avoid traffic congestion. Given a road network G = (V,E) in which there is a source s and a destination t in V , every edge e in E is associated with two possible distances: original d(e) and jam d(e). A traveller only finds out which one of the t...

A cell-cell adhesion protein, junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A), has been shown to be involved in neoplasia of various organs. However, the fundamental role of JAM-A in tumorigenesis is still under debate because dysregulated expression of this protein has distinct effects, playing opposite roles in carcinogenesis depending on the target tissues. In the present study, we found elevated lev...

Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is a transmembrane protein expressed at tight junctions of endothelial and epithelial cells and on the surface of platelets and leukocytes. The role of JAM-A in leukocyte transmigration in vivo was directly investigated by intravital microscopy using both a JAM-A-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) (BV-11) and JAM-A-deficient (knockout [KO]) mice. Leuko...

Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is preferentially concentrated at tight junctions and influences epithelial cell morphology and migration. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the conversion process of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, and it plays an important role in the invasiveness and metastasis of various cancers. However, the role of JAM-A in regulating the invasiv...

Viral attachment to specific host receptors is the first step in viral infection and serves an essential function in the selection of target cells. Mammalian reoviruses are highly useful experimental models for studies of viral pathogenesis and show promise as vectors for oncolytics and vaccines. Reoviruses engage cells by binding to carbohydrates and the immunoglobulin superfamily member, junc...

Alcohol consumption promotes loss of intestinal barrier function. However, mechanisms by which ethanol affects the tight junction (TJ), the cellular structure responsible for maintaining the gut epithelial barrier, are not well understood. Three classes of transmembrane proteins comprise TJs: occludin, claudins, and junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs). It has recently been postulated that JAM-...

Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is a transmembrane component of tight junctions that has been proposed to play a role in regulating epithelial cell adhesion and migration, yet mechanistic structure-function studies are lacking. Although biochemical and structural studies indicate that JAM-A forms cis-homodimers, the functional significance of dimerization is unclear. Here, we report the ...

Junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) are endothelial and epithelial adhesion molecules involved in the recruitment of circulating leukocytes to inflammatory sites. We show here that JAM-L, a protein related to the JAM family, is restricted to leukocytes and promotes their adhesion to endothelial cells. Cis dimerization of JAM-L is required to engage in heterophilic interactions with its cognate...

Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) regulates key inflammatory responses, such as edema formation and leukocyte transmigration. Although it has been reported that the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) causes the disassembly of JAM-A from the intercellular junctions, the mechanism has not been elucidated fully. Here, we report that TNF enhances the solubility of JAM-A in Trito...