Mucocutaneous candidiasis (MC) is one of the first signs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Over 90% of patients with AIDS will eventually develop oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) at some time during their illness, and an additional 10% will develop esophageal candidiasis (EC). Although numerous antifungal agents are available, azoles, both topical (clotrimazole) and systemic (fluc...

INTRODUCTION Fungal infections are reported to cause 23% of foot diseases and 50% of nail conditions in people seen by dermatologists, but are less common in the general population, affecting 3% to 12% of people. METHODS AND OUTCOMES We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of oral treatments for fungal toenail infections in a...

We present a familial infection caused by Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii. The proband is a 4-year-old boy, who had played with rabbits at his rabbit-farm neighbor. He complained of pruritus and pain in his scalp, which displayed redness, alopecia and painful cysts and eventually discharged pus and scabbed. Several erythema on his face and abdomen were also presented. He was diagnosed as having imp...

The effect of ergosterol depletion by ketoconazole on the leishmanicidal activity of the pore-forming antibiotic amphotericin B (AmB) was investigated. Leishmania mexicana promastigotes were lysed within minutes by the addition of micromolar concentrations of AmB (0.5 microM) but became insensitive to AmB after growth in the presence of ketoconazole (0.25 microM, 90 h). Lipid chromatographic an...

Drug hypersensitivity reactions are adverse reactions to drugs that were administered at a dose that is tolerated by normal subjects, but produce symptoms that, from a clinical perspective, resemble an allergy. The revised nomenclature for allergies classifies hypersensitivity reactions to drugs as either allergic or non allergic. Drug allergies occur when immunologic mechanisms have been demon...

BACKGROUND We previously found 70 mg flat-dose docetaxel coadministered with ketoconazole to modulate CYP3A4 to be the maximum tolerated dose that resulted in comparable docetaxel area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) as 75-100 mg/m² docetaxel. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared cycle 1 docetaxel pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics between ketoconazole-modulated (70 mg flat-dos...

Maribavir, an oral antiviral drug with activity against cytomegalovirus, is currently undergoing studies to assess its efficacy and safety as cytomegalovirus prophylaxis following stem cell or solid organ transplantation. The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of oral ketoconazole, a potent inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) isoenzyme, on the pharmacokinetics of m...

AIMS The aim of this cohort study was to estimate the risk of clinical acute liver injury among users of oral antifungals identified in the general population of the General Practice Research Database in UK. METHODS The cohort included 69 830 patients, 20-79 years old, free of liver and systemic disease, who had received at least one prescription for either oral fluconazole, griseofulvin, itr...

PURPOSE The parasiticide ivermectin and the antimicrobial drug ketoconazole are macrolides that interact with P-glycoprotein. We investigated the effects of ketoconazole at a clinical dose on the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin, a CYP3A substrate with low hepatic clearance. METHODS Beagle dogs received a single subcutaneous injection of ivermectin at 0.05 mg/kg alone (n=6) or in combination wi...

introduction: candidiasis, as an opportunistic infection, is caused by the candida species. although candida albicans is classified in the body as an endogenic flora, it plays an important role in creating candida related diseases. candida vulvovaginitis in pregnant women, diabetes mellitus patients and those using multiple antibiotics and contraceptive drugs demonstrates the high resistance of...