Topical anesthetics have evolved from a simple solution of cocaine to creams, ointments, gels, liposomal preparations, and to the latest sophisticated patches and peels. Topical anesthetics are essential for performing diagnostic, therapeutic, and cosmetic dermatology procedures. These anesthetics noninvasively deliver anesthesia in locally required areas. In this review, we present an overview...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To evaluate the level of pain during phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation under instillation of tetracaine 0.5% eyedrops versus a combination of lidocaine 2% gel and instillation of tetracaine eyedrops. METHODS This prospective, randomized, controlled study included 51 patients undergoing phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia. They wer...

Correspondence To the Editor: In a single‑center, prospective, randomized double‑blind clinical study comparing dexmedetomidine‑ midazolam and sufentanil‑midazolam sedation regimens for awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) in 50 patients with difficult airways due to limited mouth opening, Li et al. show that both dexmedetomidine and sufentanil are effective as an adjuvant for AFOI under airway t...

Corresponding author: Jae-Young Kwon, M.D., Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 602-739, Korea. Tel: 82-51-240-7398, Fax: 82-51-242-7466, E-mail: [email protected] This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/l...

The use of anesthesia during nineteenth century was extremely limited due to the hazards of the available anesthetics and the inability to successfully monitor the patient. This resulted in the majority of surgical procedures being performed without any anesthesia (Gordetsky et al, 2011). A revolutionary step in the history of anesthetics began in 1884, when Carl Koller, a scientist from Vienna...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular parameters during dental procedures: systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures, and heart rate. Nineteen healthy normotensive patients (18-56 years of age) received restorative treatment on three maxillary molars. The patients were continuously monitored by a non-invasive automatic monitor for blood pressure and heart rate during the ...

Cirrhosis is a common cause of mortality worldwide. The role of endoscopy in liver cirrhosis is of increasing value in the diagnosis and management [1]. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) procedure is commonly utilized for the patients with liver cirrhosis. Generally, unsedated EGD procedures are used even in these cirrhotic patients. Several previous studies suggested that many patients who rece...

Purpose. To evaluate the analgesic efficacy of 0.5% propacaine hydrochloride as topical anesthesia during phacoemulsification surgery. Methods. Intraoperative pain intensity was assessed using a 5-category verbal rating scale during each of three surgical stages. Pain scores from each surgical stage and total pain scores were compared for the factors of patient age, gender, cataract laterality,...

BACKGROUND A variety of topical anesthetic compounds are available for use prior to minimally or moderately painful cutaneous laser procedures. A novel lidocaine/tetracaine-based peel has recently been developed that is applied to the skin as a cream and, once air dried, is removed as a flexible film that may prove useful in providing adequate dermal anesthesia for dermatologic laser surgery. ...