Uspanteko is an endangered Mayan language spoken by up to 6000 people in the Guatemalan highlands. We provide overview of phonetics and phonology Uspanteko, focussing on phenomena which are common languages and/or typologically interesting. These include glottalised consonants (ejectives, implosives, glottal stop), uvular consonants, vowel length contrasts, syllable structure, stress, lexical t...

Phonological alternation poses problems for spoken word recognition. In Mandarin Tone 3 sandhi, a Tone 3 syllable changes to a Tone 2 syllable when followed by another Tone 3 syllable. A traditional phonological account assumes that the initial syllable of Mandarin disyllabic sandhi words is Tone 3 (T3) underlyingly, but becomes Tone 2 (T2) on the surface. In an auditory–auditory priming lexica...

amikacin has been shown to irreversibly suppresscochlear activity.the aim of this study is to assess the incidence of amikacinototoxicity in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients and riskfactors associated withthis ototoxicity.in this cross-sectional study, 41 patientswith multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) were included.all patients received fixed dose of intravenous amikacin(500 mg...

rhododendron dauricum l. is an ancient chinese traditional herb. the pharmacological effects of r. dauricum extract have been shown in chronic tracheitis. the aim of this study was to investigate the cardiovascular effects of rhododendron dauricum l. flavonoids (rf) on rats and its mechanisms. this study was performed in isolated vascular rings and a rat model of myocardial infarction and isola...

introduction: the hallmark of vitiligo is the disappearance of melanocytes from the skin due to an as yet unidentified mechanism. the presence of melanocytes in the auditory apparatus suggests that this system could possibly be affected by vitiligo, which targets the melanocytes of the whole body and not just the skin.the purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of auditory alterations...