Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important health problem, affecting 13.3 million individuals/year. It associated with increased mortality, mainly in low- and middle-income countries, where renal replacement therapy limited. Moreover, survivors show adverse long-term outcomes, including risk of developing recurrent AKI bouts, cardiovascular events, chronic disease. However, there are no specific...

A growing literature suggests that generating and evaluating explanations is a key mechanism for learning and inference, but little is known about how children generate and select competing explanations. This study investigates whether young children prefer explanations that are simple, where simplicity is quantified as the number of causes invoked in an explanation, and how this preference is ...

The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family plays a role in sensing invading pathogens. Ten members have been reported to date, seven of which were found to recognize discrete bacterial components. Mouse models lacking each TLR and its signaling molecule are useful tools for the analysis of the innate immune system.

Plant receptor-like kinases characterised by leucine-rich repeats have been shown to play dual roles in seemingly unrelated biological processes, inviting comparison with TOLL-like receptors of animals.