This research was done aimed to investigation the effective factors on production skills of tobacco growers in Mazandaran province. This is an applied study based on descriptive-correlation method. Statistical population of this research consisted of 1500 tobacco growers  of Mazandaran province, and 306 people were selected based on Morgan table. Content validity of the questionnaire was determ...

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are important signaling modules in eukaryotic cells. They function downstream of sensors/receptors and regulate cellular responses to external and endogenous stimuli. Recent studies demonstrated that SIPK and WIPK, two tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) MAPKs, are involved in signaling plant defense responses to various pathogens. Ntf4, another tobacco MAP...

The avrPto gene of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato triggers race-specific resistance in tomato plants carrying Pto, a resistance gene encoding a protein kinase. When introduced into P. s. tabaci, avrPto triggers resistance in tobacco W38 plants that carry the corresponding R gene. The AvrPto protein is believed to be secreted into host cells through the bacterial type III secretion pathway, wher...

The influence of salinity on the different polyamine fractions (free, conjugated, and bound) was compared in a natrophilic halophyte (Beta vulgaris L. cv. IC) and a salt sensitive glycophyte (Nicotiana rustica L. cv. Basmas). Low-level salinity (25 mM NaCl) and high salinity (150 and 50 mM NaCl for sugar beet and tobacco, respectively) were supplied in hydroponics. Under low salinity shoot dry ...

BACKGROUND Previous results proved that simultaneous effect of tobacco smoke constituents and alcohol consumption may change toxicity of these substances and have a greater effect on hepatic and pancreatic disease and cancer risk. The aim of this study was to investigate hepatocyte and pancreatic cells regeneration after tobacco and/or ethanol treatment. METHODS In the study, four groups of r...