one of the issues that in recent decades in the field of information economy is rapidly expanding economy under information and discussion in this major economic problem of asymmetric information is related. as we know in today's world information and trading stock market performance is the core. lateral velocity and symmetry of the main role of information and market efficiency is critical. on...

Grading systems are often introduced to address the classic adverse selection problem associated with asymmetric information about product quality. However, grades are rarely measured perfectly, and adverse selection outcomes may persist due to grading error. We study the effects of errors in grading, focusing on asymmetric grading errors-namely when low-quality product can erroneously be class...

Behavioural studies over half a century indicate that making categorical choices alters beliefs about the state of the world. People seem biased to confirm previous choices, and to suppress contradicting information. These choice-dependent biases imply a fundamental bound of human rationality. However, it remains unclear whether these effects extend to lower level decisions, and only little is ...