teachers’ beliefs greatly influence their performance in the classroom, their choice of instructional strategies, their way of controlling the class, their dealing with the students, and their general goals and objectives. one of these beliefs is teachers’ sense of efficacy which is viewed as an important construct and has shown to be positively correlated with students’ achievement (ross, 1992...

Validity and reliability are essential criteria for clinical competency assessment tests. This study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) for nursing pre-internship. Methods: This methodological study was done on 36 pre-internship Nursing students of  Golestan  University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Census method was us...

Subject: Questionnaires are one of the most important instruments for screening the people with disability. خoccupational low back pain is one of the causes of disability. Initially, questionnaires should be created and adapted with the cultural conditions of the target group in order to generalize the results and to compare with other countries. The aim of the current study was translation, c...

the subjects of the study are only the tefl teachers and students at gilan university. to obtain the desired data, a questionnaire which was based on the theories and disecussions gathered, was used as the main data gathering instrument. to determine the degree of relationship between variables, covariance and pearson product moment correlation coefficient were the formulas applied. the data we...

Aims: Unsafe behaviors of motorcyclists are one of the main causes of their mortality. Measuring the unsafe behaviors of motorcyclists and planning for control them in the first step, requires a tool that matches the cultural, social and religious characteristics of the society. The purpose of this study was to design and psychometric of measurement tool of unsafe behaviors in motorcycle drivin...

tourism , today as one of the ways to make money, create jobs , and social and political interactions is considered. this paper aims to examine the strengths and weaknesses of tourism development in mahmoud abad ( mazandaran ). the research method in this study is " descriptive - analytical " and to collection of data used field methods such as questionnaires and documentation - library. the sa...