Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can generate an increase or a decrease of neuronal excitability, which can modulate cognition and behaviour. Transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced cortical changes have been shown to result in neural plasticity. Thus, TMS provides an important opportunity to gain more insight into the mechanisms responsible for the remarkable flexibility o...

The WHO surgical checklist was introduced to most UK surgical units following the WHO "Safe Surgery Saves Lives" initiative. The aim of this audit was to review patient's safety in the delivery of surgical care and to evaluate the practical application of the new WHO surgical checklist. We conducted a retrospective audit of patients who received operative treatment under general anaesthesia at ...

BACKGROUND TMS is being increasingly used as a noninvasive brain stimulation technique for the therapeutic management of partial epilepsies. However, the acute effects of TMS on epileptiform discharges (EDs, i.e. interictal epileptiform activity and subclinical electrographic seizure patterns) remain unexplored. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether TMS can modulate EDs in partial epilepsy. METH...

The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) vary depending on the brain state at the stimulation moment. Four mechanisms have been proposed to underlie these effects: (1) virtual lesion--TMS suppresses neural signals; (2) preferential activation of less active neurons--TMS drives up activity in the stimulated area, but active neurons are saturating; (3) noise generation--TMS adds ran...

OBJECTIVE This study compared the usefulness of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), and the combined study of TMS and DTT for prediction of motor outcome in patients with corona radiata infarct. METHODS Fifty-eight patients with complete motor weakness of the affected hand were recruited. TMS and DTT were performed in the early stage (7-28 days) of st...

The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) vary depending on the brain state at the stimulation moment. Four mechanisms have been proposed to underlie these effects: (1) virtual lesion—TMS suppresses neural signals; (2) preferential activation of less active neurons— TMS drives up activity in the stimulated area, but active neurons are saturating; (3) noise generation—TMS adds rando...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neuropsychiatric tool that can serve as a useful method to better understand the neurobiology of cognitive function, behavior, and emotional processing. The purpose of this article is to examine the utility of TMS as a means to measure neocortical function in neuropsychiatric disorders in general, and schizophrenia in particular, for the Cognitive Ne...

SWISS-PROT release 42 [1] contains a total of 2,028 transmembrane (TM) protein sequences with seven TM helices (7-tms), out of which 1,762 sequences are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This means that a TM protein predicted correctly as 7-tms should be a GPCR with a reliability of 87% even without using any other information. Then, the questions are how much degree TM topology prediction m...

Aims Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is an in-vivo, non-invasive, and safe method that probes neurophysiological properties associated with cortical glutamatergic (excitatory) GABAergic (inhibitory) neurotransmission. The combination of TMS Electroencephalography (EEG) allows us to measure TMS-evoked responses directly from brain activity it uniquely placed elucidate in-vivo Excitatory/...

Abstract While TMS represents an exciting treatment tool for psychiatry, clinical response depression is <50%. Furthermore, <1% of available protocols (frequency, amplitude, pattern, etc) are utilized clinically. The low rate and under-utilization novel patterns partially because we lack a mechanistic understanding the circuit-level neuromodulatory changes induced by TMS. This impedes optimizat...