Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) is a critical regulator of TOLL- like receptor (TLR)-signaling pathway. It predominantly associated with TLR2 and TLR4 during acute inflammatory conditions inhibits the TLR-mediated nuclear factor-kappa activation by suppressing autophosphorylation interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase its activity. This article describes Tollip Labeo rohita (LrTollip), high...

BACKGROUND The angiographic presentation of in-stent restenosis (ISR) may convey prognostic information on subsequent target vessel revascularizations (TLR). METHODS AND RESULTS We developed an angiographic classification of ISR according to the geographic distribution of intimal hyperplasia in reference to the implanted stent. Pattern I includes focal (< or =10 mm in length) lesions, pattern...

INTRODUCTION Although we have a detailed understanding of how single microbial derived triggers activate specialized Toll-like receptors (TLR) on airway epithelial cells, we know little of how these receptors react in a more complex environment. In everyday life, nasal epithelial cells are exposed to multiple TLR agonists, therefore we explored whether exposure to one trigger could affect the r...

background: early childhood caries (ecc) is a common health problem in the developing countries. basic knowledge about the etiology and pathogenesis of ecc plays an important role in its prevention. objective: to determine the relationship between salivary tlr-2 concentration and early childhood caries formation methods: twenty-eight children with ages ranging from 36 to 71 months (15 in ecc gr...

TLRs sense components of microorganisms and are critical host mediators of inflammation during infection. Different TLR agonists can profoundly alter inflammatory effects of one another, and studies suggest that the sequence of exposure to TLR agonists may importantly impact on responses during infection. We tested the hypothesis that synergy, priming, and tolerance between TLR agonists follow ...

Recent evidence suggests that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxaemia in a rat causes significant mucosal injury. Our objective was to determine the effects of glutamine (Gln) on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) expression in intestinal mucosa following LPS endotoxaemia in a rat. For...

In this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vibholm et al report on the first clinical trial of treatment with MGN1703 (lefitolimod), an agonist of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), as a potential strategy toward achieving a “functional cure” for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, defined as prolonged control of viremia without antiretroviral therapy (ART). After reading the report, tw...

A missense mutation in the cytoplasmic domain of the Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) has been identified as the defect responsible for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) hyporesponsiveness in C3H/HeJ mice. TLR-4 and TLR-2 have recently been implicated in LPS signaling in studies where these receptors were overexpressed in LPS non-responsive 293 human embryonic kidney cells. However, the signaling role of TL...

PURPOSE To investigate the function and expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in bone marrow cells of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients and to examine their involvement in the apoptotic phenomenon characterizing MDS hematopoiesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TLR mRNA and protein expression was investigated in bone marrow cell populations of MDS patients and controls. TLR-4 ability to recogniz...