Abstract Macrophages play a variety of roles in immunity including both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions, which can be controlled by toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. Previously, we generated computational model interconnected TLR signaling cascades validated the using experimental data from THP-1 monocyte cell line. This project aimed to adapt provide insights into activation bone marr...

the toll like (family of receptors tlr) are expressed primarily by immune cells and are known to be part of innate immune system. in the past decade involvement of tlrs in several physiologic and pathologic pathways has been proved. pain transmission via glial activation is one of such interesting fields. both pathological pain states and treatment have also been shown to be related to tlr-rela...

OBJECTIVES TLR-4 activates a number of inflammatory signaling pathways. Also, AMPK could be involved in anti-inflammatory signaling. The aim of this study was to identify whether stimulation of AMPK could inhibit LPS-induced Tlr-4 gene expression in mice hearts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Heart AMPK activity and/or Tlr-4 expression was stimulated in different mice groups, using respectively IP inj...

PREVIOUS PRESENTATION Portions of this study were presented at the Annual Congress of Société Française d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation in Paris, September 2012. BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are promising therapy for the prevention of nosocomial infections in critical ill patients. We aimed to analyze the TLR-reactivity of circulating dendritic cells (DC) as assessed by cytokin...

OBJECTIVE Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is an organ-specific disorder due to the interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors expressed abundantly on monocytes. There is a paucity of data on TLR expression in AITD. The aim of this study was to examine TLR expression, activation, ligands, and downstream signaling adaptors i...

Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is one of the most common fungal pathogens of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), which may be life threatening in immunocompromised individuals. The dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin receptor (Dectin-1), toll‑like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 are major pattern recognition receptors in alveolar macrophages that recognize A. fumigatus components. The ...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are conserved and specific molecular "signatures" expressed by pathogens. TLR ligation triggers distinct but shared signaling pathways that lead to effector mechanisms in innate immune responses. TLR specificity and activation are strictly and finely ...

The activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in dendritic cells (DCs) triggers a rapid inflammatory response to pathogens. However, this response must be tightly regulated because unrestrained TLR signaling generates a chronic inflammatory milieu that often leads to autoimmunity. We have found that the TAM receptor tyrosine kinases-Tyro3, Axl, and Mer-broadly inhibit both TLR and TLR-induced cy...

Results Mean age of study population was 8.08 ± 3.41 years. 75% of patients were in WHO clinical stage I and II, whereas 25% in stage III. 29% HIV children had severe immunosuppression. TLR-1 showed neutral expression in majority (96%) of HIV children. For TLR-7, 53.5% HIV children showed upregulation, whereas 32% and 14.5% showed downregulation and neutral expression, respectively. TLR-8 expre...

The transcription factor p53 regulates genes associated with a wide range of functions, including the Toll-like receptor (TLR) set of innate immunity genes, suggesting that p53 also modulates the human immune response. The TLR family comprises membrane glycoproteins that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and mediate innate immune responses, and TLR agonists are being used ...