The time course of inhibition plays an important role in cortical sensitivity, tuning, and temporal response properties. We investigated the development of L2/3 inhibitory circuitry between fast-spiking (FS) interneurons and pyramidal cells (PCs) in auditory thalamocortical slices from mice between postnatal day 10 (P10) and P29. We found that the maturation of the intrinsic and synaptic proper...

We review current progress in the study of the stellar populations of early-type galaxies, both locally and at intermediate redshifts. In particular, we focus on the ages of these galaxies and their evolution in hopes of determining the star formation epochs of their stars. Due to serious remaining systematic uncertainties, we are unable to constrain these epochs precisely. We discuss our resul...

Our motor system changes due to causes that span multiple timescales. For example, muscle response can change because of fatigue, a condition where the disturbance has a fast timescale or because of disease where the disturbance is much slower. Here we hypothesize that the nervous system adapts in a way that reflects the temporal properties of such potential disturbances. According to a Bayesia...

It has been suggested that circumstellar disks evolve from dense, actively accreting structures to low-mass, replenished remnants. During this transition, grains may assemble into planetesimals, or the disk may be cleared by newborn planets. Recently identified nearby groups of young stars provide valuable laboratories for probing disk evolution. I discuss the properties of dust disks in the TW...

In this paper we present a framework to analyze the asymptotic behavior of two timescale stochastic approximation algorithms including those with set-valued mean fields. This paper builds on the works of Borkar and Perkins & Leslie. The framework presented herein is more general as compared to the synchronous two timescale framework of Perkins & Leslie, however the assumptions involved are easi...

Human management of ecological systems, including issues like fisheries, invasive species, and restoration, as well as others, often must be undertaken with limited information. This means that developing general principles and heuristic approaches is important. Here, I focus on one aspect, the importance of an explicit consideration of time, which arises because of the inherent limitations in ...

Introduction Conclusions References

In models of galaxy formation in a hierarchical Universe, elliptical galaxies form through the merging of smaller disk systems. These models yield a number of testable predictions if reliable techniques for determining the relative ages and compositions of the stellar populations of different galaxies can be found: 1) ellipticals in low-density environments form later than ellipticals in cluste...

The 9.2 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) is beginning science operations. It provides a unique approach to very large telescope development, with high performance at modest cost. The HET is already being cloned in the Southern hemisphere and may be the basis for the development of signi cantly larger telescopes for the new Millennium. We describe the current performance of the HET and of the newl...

We present an extension of cross-recurrence analysis for dual gaze analysis which is suited for complex situations where for instance the objects of interest are not all visible at all times or when stimulus exploration is not homogeneous. The typicical situation is a visual stimulus that is scrolled or that is explored sequentially. We use a recurrence simulation to illustrate how to measure t...