Abstract How do trade costs affect international trade? This paper offers a new approach. We rely on flexible gravity equation that predicts variable cost elasticities, both across and within country pairs. apply this framework to popular variables such as currency unions, agreements World Trade Organization membership. While we estimate these are associated with increased bilateral average, fi...

In today’s competitivemarkets, most firms in United Kingdom and United States offer their products on trade credit to stimulate sales and reduce inventory. Trade credit is calculated based on time value of money on the purchase cost (i.e., discounted cash flow analysis). Recently, many researchers use discounted cash flow analysis only on the purchase cost but not on the revenue (which is signi...

This paper develops a fuzzy inventory model for variable deteriorating items with time dependent two parameter Weibull demand rate. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. Each cycle has shortages, which have been partially backlogged to suit present day competition in the market. This inventory system follows a time varying holding cost. Here, the retailer is allowed a trade credit off...

t his paper investigates the gain of bilateral trade between china and u.s. in manufacturing sectors when both countries play a role in asymmetric (biased) growth of  international trade. our model includes a special case of biased growth theory in international trade. we collected labor productivity, export and import data by using classification of manufacturing industries, for u.s. and china...

Electronic markets in recent decades contribute remarkably in business transactions. Many organizations consider traditional ways of trade non-economical and therefore they do trade only through electronic markets. There are different categorizations of electronic markets functions. In one classification, functions of electronic markets are categorized into classes as information, transactions,...

In this paper, a green transportation location problem is considered with uncertain demand parameter. Increasing robustness influences the number of trucks for sending goods and products, caused consequently, increase the air pollution. In this paper, two green approaches are introduced which demand is the main uncertain parameter in both. These approaches are addressed to provide a trade-off b...

0