Centuries ago, European builders developed a reliable means of installing tile for high-traffic, high-use applications which relied on the laying of a sand strata between the structural substrate and the mortar-bed/tile composite top layer. Due to space (height) requirements and other concerns, the sand strata method for tile installation is, for all practical purposes, extinct. Modern theory, ...

Tile drains and French drains are typically used to control subsurface drainage, especially on greens and fairways with shallow water tables or fine soil texture. Tile drains are defined as "drains constructed by laying drain tile with unsealed joints in the bottom of a trench which is then refilled," whereas French drains are a "type of drain consisting of an excavated trench, refilled with pe...

We present a method for generating well-distributed point according to a given density. Our method is based on a single precomputed tile. The tile is both self-similar and hierarchical. A selfsimilar tile allows to increase the density of points in large steps by recursively subdividing the tile. A hierarchical tile allows to smoothly adjust the density of points. We present an interesting meth...

Tile-based self-assembly is a model of “algorithmic crystal growth” in which square “tiles” represent molecules that bind to each other via specific and variable-strength bonds on their four sides, driven by random mixing in solution but constrained by the local binding rules of the tile bonds. In the late 1990s, Erik Winfree introduced a discrete mathematical model of DNA tile assembly called ...

OIl August 4, 1906, I resected tile left tibial diaphysis of a girl aged fourteen years for sarcoma diagnosed clinically and radiologically (Figs. I and 2). Tile segment excised was replaced by a graft of equal length from tile fibula, the soft tissue attacilments of which were disturbed as little as possible durillg mobilisation in order to preserve tile blood supply. My reason for undertaking...

The two-by-two dot centering model enables predicting the spectral reflectance of color halftones and does not depend on a specific halftoning algorithm. It requires measuring the reflectances of a large number of two-by-two calibration tile patterns. Spectral measurement of hundreds or thousands of tile patterns is cumbersome and time consuming. In order to limit the number of measurements, we...

We introduce a domain-specific language (DSL) for creating sets of tile types for simulations of the abstract Tile Assembly Model. The language defines objects known as tile templates, which represent related groups of tiles, and a small number of basic operations on tile templates that help to eliminate the error-prone drudgery of enumerating such tile types manually or with low-level construc...

We use the abstract tile assembly model of Winfree [6], which models the aggregation of monomers called tiles that attach one at a time to a growing structure, starting from a single seed tile, in which bonds (“glues”) on the tile are specific (glues only stick to glues of the same type on other tiles) and cooperative (so that multiple weak glues are necessary to attach a tile). The general ide...

A content-based tile retrieval system based on the underlying multispectral Markov random field representation is introduced. Single tiles are represented by our approved textural features derived from especially efficient Markovian statistics and supplemented with Local Binary Patterns (LBP) features representing occasional tile inhomogeneities. Markovian features are on top of that also invar...

Hrrn~e.sting restrictiom to protect the hahitcrt of the northem .sptted wt.1 011 ,federul ,forests in t/w PNC$C Nor-tim*e.st (Ph’lV) .substalrticrii~ reduced timber cit~~~ilrL7le ,for ptwe.~~5iil,g h!. the ,fore.st prodwts irldwsty. We consider tile e-vtent to tcAici7 tiiese restrictioris my iitr\~ riitered the degree of irltegrcitim of the PNW u11d U.S. South ii7 (I mitioricil mrrket ,fi)r i~r...