background: patients undergone mechanical ventilation need rapid and reliable evaluation of their respiratory status. monitoring of end-tidal carbon dioxide (etco2) as a surrogate, noninvasive measurement of arterial carbon dioxide (paco2) is one of the methods used for this purpose in intubated patients. objectives: the aim of the present trial was to study the relationship between end-tidal c...

BACKGROUND Two bronchoprovocation methods are widely used. Compared to the tidal breathing method, the dosimeter method delivers approximately half the dose and involves five deep inhalations. Both the lower dose and the bronchoprotective deep inhalations contribute to the lesser airway response of the dosimeter. OBJECTIVE To determine the relative role of dose and deep inspiration in the dif...

The rivers connecting oceans generally carry sediment due to water and soil losses in China. Additionally, the maximum concentration is 300 g/L, which much higher than that of other countries. It unknown whether seawater with sand particles will affect power tidal current turbine blades. therefore necessary study capture turbines water-sediment environment. In this study, blade was divided into...

We analyze tidal currents under ice in a shallow channel located near the tip of Van Mijen Fjord Spitsbergen. During flood cycle tide seawater flows and strongly freezes channel. ebb salinity outflowing water is greater than that inflowing water. Salt balance estimated. high-water tide, salt seeps through cracks to surface, which increases snow mixture.