Caffeine is a well-known stimulant that is added as an ingredient to various carbonated soft drinks. Due to its stimulatory and other physiological effects, individuals desire to know the exact amount of caffeine consumed from these beverages. This study analyzed the caffeine contents of 56 national-brand and 75 private-label store-brand carbonated beverages using high-performance liquid chroma...

The University of California, Santa Barbara, is developing a 40 gigabit per second ATM switch as part of its Thunder and Lightning network project. To use the high bandwidth e ciently, new network protocols are being developed and simulated on the Thunder and Lightning network protocol simulator. Due to the extreme memory and computational requirements of the simulator, the display, unlike most...

A closed-loop-controlled surface perturbation technique was developed for controlling the flow-induced sound in a flow duct and acoustic resonance inside downstream cavities. The surface perturbation was created by piezo-ceramic THUNDER (THin layer composite UNimorph Driver and sEnsoR) actuators embedded underneath the surface of a test model with a semi-circular leading edge. A modified closed...

Although mind-brain identity remains controversial, many other identities of ordinary things with scientific ones are well established. For example, air is a mixture of gases, water is H2O, and fire is rapid oxidation. This paper examines the history of 15 important identifications: air, blood, cloud, earth, electricity, fire, gold, heat, light, lightning, magnetism, salt, star, thunder, and wa...

Bl Introduction Bl Acknowledgments B3 Description and interpretation of individual quartzite occurrences B3 Hamilton Mounds B3 Necedah area B6 Baraboo area B6 Waterloo area BIO Vesper quarry Bll Veedum area Bll Conglomerate at Hamann Creek B12 Rib Mountain B12 Quartzite at McCaslin and Thunder Mountains B12 Barron Quartzite and quartzite at Flambeau Ridge B14 Summary of interpretations B15 Age ...

INTRODUCTION The rate of cholecystectomy in northwestern Ontario is double the provincial rate. This paper explores the demographics of cholecystectomy and the role for rural endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) services in the central part of this region. METHODS We conducted a literature review of ERCP services and cholecystectomy rates, as well as a hospital chart review o...

Thermoacoustic Metasurfaces In article number 2202026, Ying Cheng, Xiaojun Liu, Johan Christensen, and co-workers report an orbital-angular-momentum multiplexing technology based on space-time thermoacoustic metasurfaces for enhanced communication densities. analogy to the Chinese story “Monkey King Prays Rain”, multifaceted weather signals, i.e, lightning, thunder rain, etc., are synchronously...

Over a century ago, the psychologist William James proposed a thought experiment, and suggested the answer: if the eyes were forced to connect to the auditory centres of the brain, and the ears with the visual centres, we would “hear the lightning and see the thunder” [1]. James’ point was that the perceptual qualities of our sensations — what philosophers term qualia — have their origin in the...