This paper addresses three questions: (1) what would have been the growth and income trajectory of Syria in absence war; (2) given war, explains reduction economic growth; (3) potential scenarios for there could be aftermath war. Conflict impact estimates point to negative GDP −12% on average over 2011–2018, with output contracting about one-third 2010 level. In post-conflict simulation scenari...

This article examines the methodology behind an empirical study investigating the ‘real life’ role of criminal defence lawyers and their approach to ethical conflict resolution. Using a normative conceptual framework entitled the ‘zealous advocate’ model, the study involved interviews with defence practitioners. A central feature of the interviews was a method known as the ‘vignette technique’,...

OBJECTIVE We quantified the public health benefit of fruits and vegetables on the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD), using currently available human data. DESIGN We reviewed over 250 observational studies on cancer and CVD. Relative risks (RRs) for high versus low intake of fruits and vegetables were obtained. The preventable proportion of chronic diseases, i.e. the per ce...

BACKGROUND Global and regional projections of mortality and burden of disease by cause for the years 2000, 2010, and 2030 were published by Murray and Lopez in 1996 as part of the Global Burden of Disease project. These projections, which are based on 1990 data, continue to be widely quoted, although they are substantially outdated; in particular, they substantially underestimated the spread of...

The article discusses the development of social infrastructure agriculture in Chuvash Republic for period from 2009 to 2018. Agriculture occupies a special position region’s economy and is backbone industry. Its share gross regional product 9%, which noticeably higher than other regions country, residents living rural areas 36.6%. With help Excel program, forecast most important indicators 2019...

Over the past 30 years, the legal status of husbands and wives in marriage has undergone major changes with the result that wives are now beginning to have more of an independent legal identity than in the past and, to some extent, more of an equal relationship with their husbands although full equality has not yet been achieved. At the same time, divorce laws and policies have consistently mov...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was threefold. First, we gathered and synthesized the historic literature regarding electronic health record (EHR) adoption rates among physicians in small practices (ten or fewer members). Next, we constructed models to project estimated future EHR adoption trends and timelines. We then determined the likelihood of achieving universal EHR adoption in the ne...