Manic (n = 26), schizophrenic (n = 26), and normal (n = 25) subjects were examined with a digit span distraction task and with a reality monitoring task. All subjects were tested twice at a 4-day interval, and a clinical assessment of thought disorder was conducted both times on the patients. We found that reality monitoring, distraction task performance, and clinical thought disorder were all ...

The current experiments examine mental health clinicians' beliefs about biological, psychological, and environmental bases of the DSM-IV-TR mental disorders and the consequences of those causal beliefs for judging treatment effectiveness. Study 1 found a large negative correlation between clinicians' beliefs about biological bases and environmental/psychological bases, suggesting that clinician...