More than a decade ago, 'plasticity' suddenly became a 'fashionable' topic with overemphasized implications for regenerative medicine. The concept of 'plasticity' is supported by old transplantation work, at least for embryonic cells, and metaplasia is a classic example of plasticity observed in patients. Nevertheless, the publication of a series of papers showing rare conversion of a given cel...

instrument breakage during treatment can lead to serious complications and carries the risk of treatment failure. when a file breaks in the canal, bypassing or removal can be difficult and the long-term prognosis of the tooth may be compromised. sometimes surgery may be indicated for removal of the broken segment. often some part of the root cannot be cleaned because of blockage by the broken f...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare digital and conventional radiography in determining the working length of dilacerated canals.Methods: Thirty nine human extracted single-rooted teeth with root curvature more than 35 degrees were included in this study. After access preparation, a file was inserted into the canal and advanced until the file tip was visualized at the foramen. Wi...

Aims. Hidrocystomas are benign cystic growths of the apocrine and eccrine sweat glands. These cystic lesions have been well documented on the face, head, and neck, but rarely in the external auditory canal. Presentation of Case. A 67-year-old woman presented with a bluish cystic mass partially occluding the external auditory canal and interfering with hearing aid use. Lesion was excised complet...

It is well known that aesthetic preferences regarding lateral biases are influenced by left/right reading habits, as people who read text left-to-right have been shown to prefer oriented images. However, objects more strongly associated with actual in daily life and the movements used interact such less understood. Images of foods may trigger cognitive pathways related grasping bringing food mo...

Foot-and-mouth disease appeared as devastating storms that swept UK and Taiwan in recent epidemics. Many observations attributed these disasters to the extensive countrywide movements of animals, and the intensive nature of the livestock industry. However, there is no mathematical model incorporating these two factors in its framework. In this project, we combined formal analytical models, Arti...

CASE REPORT This case report describes the outcome of a number of retreatments on a failed root filling in a maxillary first molar. The patient wanted all amalgams replaced by tooth-coloured Cerec restorations, including one in a symptomless maxillary molar. This tooth had a pulpotomy or a poorly done root-canal treatment 10 years earlier. The molar was root-canal retreated before placing the C...

In the long history of feudal society China, Kaifeng played a vital role. During Northern Song Dynasty, became worldwide metropolis. The important reason was that Grand Canal, which excavated during Sui main transportation artery for political and military center north economic south. Furthermore, located at made it capital later Dynasty. Dynasty called “the canal-centered era.” development can...