Efficient multicast congestion control (MCC) is one of the critical components required to enable the IP multicast deployment over the Internet. Previously proposed MCC schemes can be categorized in two: single-rate or multi-rate. Single-rate schemes make all recipients get data at a common rate allowed by the slowest receiver, but are relatively simple. Multi-rate schemes allow of heterogeneou...

forest road construction is the most costly operation in forestry. road designing and construction in unsuitable areas may increase construction and maintenance costs and also cause many environmental impacts. therefore, it is required to pay more attention to forest road design. in this research, we tried to introduce an appropriate method for locating forest roads using gis and ahp simultaneo...

every year, a considerable portion of the national budget specifies to reconstruct the properties which have been destroyed during natural disasters in iran. recognition of vulnerable sites to natural disasters can reduce the probable damages. the most important point in designing railway tracks is to join stations in the least possible time. so, the railway track is meant to cross lots of vall...

In many natural scenes, shadows and shading, which are primarily luminance-defined features, proliferate. Hence one might expect that the chromatic variations of natural scenes, which more faithfully represent the layout of object surfaces, will contain relatively fewer and larger uniform regions than the luminance variations, i.e., will be more "patchy." This idea was tested using images of na...

Most new network builds and major upgrades in recent years have been focused on building dynamic reconfigurable optical layers to support the explosive growth in IP traffic. These advanced optical layers include Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer (ROADM) devices allowing network operators to dynamically configure the wavelengths to be added and dropped at each network node, thus increa...

The communities living on the dangerous hillslopes in Chittagong City Corporation (CCC) in Bangladesh recurrently experience landslide hazards during the monsoon season. The frequency and intensity of landslides are increasing over time because of heavy rainfall occurring over a few days. Furthermore, rapid urbanization through hill-cutting is another factor, which is believed to have a signifi...

Modelling the presence and effect of a thin weak layer soil or rock in slope stability analysis performed through finite element method (FEM) presents several problems purely numerical nature. This paper deals with parametric three different 2D case studies (both ideal real) unstable potentially slopes containing soft band (or layer). The FEM software used is RS2 (Rocscience®). aim investigatin...