Neutral red (NR) was utilized as an electron mediator in microbial fuel cells consuming glucose to study both its efficiency during electricity generation and its role in altering anaerobic growth and metabolism of Escherichia coli and Actinobacillus succinogenes. A study of chemical fuel cells in which NADH, NR, and ferricyanide were the electron donor, the electronophore, and the electron acc...

plant growth is greatly influenced by environmental stresses including water deficit, salinity and extreme temperatures. hence, the identification of genes especially regulatory ones whose expression enables plants to adapt to or to tolerate these abiotic stresses, is very essential. myb proteins are a superfamily of transcription factors that play regulatory roles in developmental processes an...

abstract  in order to study f3´5´h and f3´h function and their intraction in the grapevine flavonoids biosynthetic pathway, designing and constraction of suitable constructs encoding ihprna was performed and transgenic lines containing silencing construct of f3´h and simultaneous silencing construct of f3´5´h and f3´h were created. for this purpose, fragments were selected from both genes and i...

background alcoholic hepatitis (ah) is an acute manifestation of alcoholic liver disease with high mortality rates. objectives our aim was to study the molecular mechanisms of ah. materials and methods the differentially expressed genes (degs) in liver between ah and control cases were identified by analyzing the gse28619 microarray data using t-test. the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes...

a new system is presented for the generation ofrecombinant bacillus subtilis strains without antibioticmarkers. this system is based on two plasmids constructed in escherichia coli. the first plasmid phm30contains an incomplete hisi gene, the last gene in thehistidine biosynthesis operon of b. subtilis and part ofthe genes yvca and yvcb of unkown function flankinghisi at the 3´-end. the spectin...

It has been more than half a century that plant geneticists and breeders have been trying to assemble a combinationof genes in crop plants, in order to make them as suitable and productive as possible. Plant transformation technology incrop plants was first undertakenin the 1980s based on the ability of foreign gene integration into host plant genome andregeneration of transformed plant cells i...

 In this study the forward and reverse primers were designated to amplify the segments (~250 bps and ~650 bps) of the gene coding domains 1 and 4 of aerolysin of Aeromonas hydrophila. These two domains are involved in pathogenesis of the aerolysin gene. Sequences for two restriction enzymes, Pst I and Hind III, were included in the forward and reverse primers respectively. These restriction enz...

This review which is concerned with the application of recombinant DNA technology to studies on plant secondary metabolism, presents the more common plant transformation strategies and shows how these genetic approaches are being used in attempts to manipulate and increase the yield of secondary metabolites, both in cultures and in transformed plants. The different plant transformation strategi...

A better understanding of key molecular changes during transformation of lung epithelial cells could affect strategies to reduce mortality from lung cancer. This study uses an in vitro model to identify key molecular changes that drive cell transformation and the likely clonal outgrowth of preneoplastic lung epithelial cells that occurs in the chronic smoker. Here, we show differences in transf...