Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) α, -γ and -β/δ are ligand-activated transcription factors and members of the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptor. These receptors play key roles in maintaining glucose and lipid homeostasis by modulating gene expression. PPARs constitute a recognized druggable target and indeed several classes of drugs used in the treatment of metabolic di...

Recent studies have demonstrated that orally administered thiazolidinedione ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma can ameliorate clinical features of psoriasis in humans. Thiazolidinediones also inhibit the proliferation of psoriatic keratinocytes in monolayer and organ culture, and at least one of these agents (troglitazone) inhibits epidermal hyperplasia of human pso...

ype 2 diabetes increases the risk of coronary heart disease t least by 2to 3-fold. Patients with type 2 diabetes without history of myocardial infarction (MI) have the same risk or fatal MI as nondiabetic subjects with a history of MI 1,2). Moreover, type 2 diabetic patients with previous MI re even more susceptible to coronary events and need all vailable evidence-based tools for cardiovascula...

AM1 calculations on equilibrium and transition state geometries of keto and enol forms of glitazones were carried out and compared with those of some carbonyl compounds. The results show that the energy requirements for enolisation of glitazones are much higher than the standard carbonyl systems. Neither the ring system, nor the additional functional groups in thiazolidinedione terminal ring fa...

OBJECTIVE Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are known to increase the risk of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to evaluate the magnitude of the risk of heart failure with TZDs and classify this adverse effect under the novel dose-time-susceptibility system. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Evidence from randomized trials, controlled observational studies, anecdotal case reports, ca...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) on experimental retinal neovascularization. METHODS The ability of the TZDs troglitazone and rosiglitazone maleate (1-20 micromol/L) to inhibit retinal endothelial cell (REC) proliferation, migration, tube formation, and signaling was determined in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In vivo studies were perform...