A brief introduction to electron and ion sources for particle accelerators is given. Concentrating on the basic processes for the production of these particles, thermionic and photocathode production of electrons and the processes in Penning and electron cyclotron resonance ion sources are covered. Finally, negative ions are discussed.

The creation of an electron space charge in a dipole magnetic trap and the subsequent injection positrons has been experimentally demonstrated. Positrons (5eV) were magnetically guided from their source injected into trapping field generated by permanent magnet (0.6T at poles) using cross E $\times$ B drift, requiring tailored electrostatic fields. cloud is created thermionic emission tungsten ...

Experiments have been conducted on a dual electric grid thermionic device to investigate an alternative method of space charge mitigation in a thermionic energy convertor (TEC). Two electric grids, the attractor and deflector grids, provide opposing electric fields to overcome space charge while minimizing power losses to the attractor grid. Electron beams are formed in the electrode gap provid...

The thermal emission of alkali metal ions from Al30-pillared montmorillonite in comparison with its natural form was studied by mass spectrometry in the temperature range 770-930 K. The measurements were carried out on a magnetic mass spectrometer MI-1201. For natural montmorillonite, the densities of the emission currents (j) decrease in the mass spectrum in the following sequence (T = 805 K, ...

Vacuum triodes have been scaled down to the microscale on a chip by microfabrication technologies be vacuum transistors. Most of reported devices are based field electron emission, which suffer from problems unstable poor uniformity, and high requirement for operating vacuum. Here, overcome these problems, transistor field−assisted thermionic emission individual carbon nanotubes is proposed fab...

The coatings comprised of the nanodiamond-based and amorphous-carbon-based phases (a-C:ND coatings) are investigated. a-C:ND were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition in arc discharge plasma (by deposition) at various concentrations Ar/H2/CH4. Raman spectroscopy showed that, apart from diamond substructure, studied contain polyene-based phases, while phase is passivated hydrogen to differen...

Finding alternative optoelectronic mechanisms that overcome the limitations of conventional semiconductor devices is paramount for detecting and harvesting low-energy photons. A highly promising approach is to drive a current from the thermal energy added to the free-electron bath as a result of light absorption. Successful implementation of this strategy requires a broadband absorber where car...

The integration of graphene and other atomically flat, two-dimensional materials has attracted much interest and been materialized very recently. An in-depth understanding of transport mechanisms in such heterostructures is essential. In this study, vertically stacked graphene-based heterostructure transistors were manufactured to elucidate the mechanism of electron injection at the interface. ...