The optimal hybridization of photovoltaic (PV) and thermoelectric (TE) devices has long been considered ideal for the efficient harnessing solar energy. Our hybrid approach uses full spectrum solar energy via lossless coupling between PV and TE devices while collecting waste energy from thermalization and transmission losses from PV devices. Achieving lossless coupling makes the power output fr...

Angular dependence of x-ray fluorescence techniques have been employed to investigate the effects of thermal annealing at various temperatures ranging from 340 to 387 °C on a series of CdTe/CdS heterojunctions. Changes in depth profiles of Te and Cd atoms in the CdS layer as a result of heat treatment has been observed. A simple model is proposed for comparison of the ratio of Te Ka to Cd Ka fl...

Leaf internal, or mesophyll, conductance to CO(2) (g(m)) is a significant and variable limitation of photosynthesis that also affects leaf transpiration efficiency (TE). Genotypic variation in g(m) and the effect of g(m) on TE were assessed in six barley genotypes (four Hordeum vulgare and two H. bulbosum). Significant variation in g(m) was found between genotypes, and was correlated with photo...

In this paper, Wavelet Collocation Method has been used to solve nonlinear fin problem with temperature dependent thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient. Thermal conductivity of fin materials varies any type so that we consider thermal conductivity as the general function of temperature.  Here we consider three particular cases, where we assume that thermal conductivity is constant,...

Abstract Electrode contact interfaces for practical thermoelectric (TE) devices require high bonding strength, low specific resistivity, and superb stability. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art Cu 2 MgFe/Mg Sn 0.75 Ge 0.25 interface is designed Mg ‐based TE devices, adhering to general strategy of propensity, thermal expansion matching, diffusion passivation, dopant inactivation. The interfacial stab...

This descriptive–analytical study used data envelopment analysis to evaluated the technical efficiency (TE) of health systems in Member States of the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region during 2004–2011. Life expectancy and infant mortality were used as outputs. Per capita total expenditure on health, and number of physicians, nurses and midwives and hospital beds per 1000 pe...

in this research the simulation of an air independent proton exchange membrane fuel cell (pemfc) propulsion system was taken into consideration. the system consists of several parts including pem fuel cell stack, metal hydride and liquid oxygen (lox) tanks, and also pre-heaters of oxygen and hydrogen gases along with other heat exchangers, to ensure proper operation of system. the heat recovery...

We report the synthesis and thermoelectric characterization of composite nanocrystals composed of a tellurium core functionalized with the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Solution processed nanocrystal films electronically out perform both PEDOT:PSS and unfunctionalized Te nanorods while retaining a polymeric thermal conductivity, resultin...

BACKGROUND Improving efficiency of health sector is of particular importance in all countries. To reach this end, it is paramount to measure the efficiency. On the other hand, there are many factors that affect the efficiency of health systems. This study aimed to measure the Technical Efficiency (TE) of health systems in Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) countries during 2004-10 and to d...

A review is presented of biological issues and practical consequences of the effects of cold stress on ruminant animals. When animals are subjected to extreme cold stress, substantial dietary energy may be diverted from productive functions to the generation of body heat. Failure to produce sufficient heat can result in death. More often, however, cold stress leads to the development of seconda...