Topological insulators are a unique class of materials characterized by a Dirac cone state of helical Dirac fermions in the middle of a bulk gap. When the thickness of a three-dimensional topological insulator is reduced, however, the interaction between opposing surface states opens a gap that removes the helical Dirac cone, converting the material back to a normal system of ordinary fermions....

Explanations of opinion bi-polarization hinge on the assumption of negative influence, individuals' striving to amplify differences to disliked others. However, empirical evidence for negative influence is inconclusive, which motivated us to search for an alternative explanation. Here, we demonstrate that bi-polarization can be explained without negative influence, drawing on theories that emph...

The provision of ontologies for spatial entities is an important topic in spatial information theory. Heyting algebras, co-Heyting algebras, and bi-Heyting algebras are structures having considerable potential for the theoretical basis of these ontologies. This paper gives an introduction to these Heyting structures, and provides evidence of their importance as algebraic theories of sets of reg...

We present some explicit computations checking a particular form of gradient formula for a boundary beta function in two-dimensional quantum field theory on a disk. The form of the potential function and metric that we consider were introduced in [16], [18] in the context of background independent open string field theory. We check the gradient formula to the third order in perturbation theory ...

In this paper, we introduce the notions of intuitionistic fuzzy prime (resp. strongly prime and semiprime) bi-ideals of a semigroup. By using these ideas we characterize those semigroups for which each intuitionistic fuzzy bi-ideal is semiprime and strongly prime. Key words: Intuitionistic fuzzy set; intuitionistic fuzzy bi-ideal; intuitionistic fuzzy prime (resp. strongly prime and semiprime) ...

Hyperfine splitting in Bi 82+ and Pb 81+ ions was calculated using continuum RPA approach with effective residual forces. To fix the parameters of the theory the nuclear magnetic dipole moments of two one-particle and two one-hole nuclei around 208 Pb were calculated using the same approach. The contribution from velocity dependent two-body spin-orbit residual interaction was calculated explici...

We report low-temperature, magnetotransport measurements of ferrocene-doped Bi(2)Se(3) nanoribbons grown by vapor-liquid-solid method. The Kondo effect, a saturating resistance upturn at low temperatures, is observed in these ribbons to indicate presence of localized impurity spins. Magnetoconductances of the ferrocene-doped ribbons display both weak localization and weak antilocalization, whic...

We consider general relativity as a limit case of the scalar–tensor theory with Barbero–Immirzi (BI) field when tends to constant. use Shapiro time delay experimental value [Formula: see text] provided by Cassini spacecraft find present BI parameter value.

Bekenstein’s theory of relativistic gravity is conventionally written as a bi-metric theory. The two metrics are related by a disformal transformation defined by a dynamical vector field and a scalar field. In this comment we show that the theory can be re-written as Vector-Tensor theory akin to Einstein-Aether theories with non-canonical kinetic terms. We discuss some of the implications of th...

We point out some subtleties of the task of quantifying en-tanglement that seem overlooked in the standard theory of entanglement measures. In the context of a new, operational approach to the issue, Bell-like inequalities prove useful for quantifying entanglement. E.g., we point out that the use of an entangled state in a protocol does not necessarily mean that entanglement as information reso...