We consider the problem of a module interacting with an external interface (environment) where the interaction is expected to satisfy some system specification Φ. While we have the full implementation details of the module, we are only given a partial external specification for the interface. The interface specification being partial (incomplete) means that the interface displays only a strict ...

Myosin V was the first discovered processive motor from the myosin family. It has therefore been subject of a number of mechanical, kinetic, optical and structural studies and now belongs to the best characterised motor proteins. This effort has been accompanied by a number of different theoretical models. In this article we give an overview of them and discuss what they have in common and wher...

The paper presents a set-theoretical definition of the classification problem, and then discusses and illustrates by examples the application of the variable-valued logic system VL. to the synthesis of minimal (or simplest) classification rules under cost (or simplicity) functionals designed by a user from available criteria.

This paper addresses the question whether innovation is within reach for small enterprises in developing economies by studying four cases of new technologies, products and business practices in traditional craft in Northern Vietnam. The paper starts with reviewing definitions of innovation since Schumpeter. It concludes that newness, value creation and process are time and again considered as t...