The 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel for their pioneering work on computer modelling, specifically, the 'development of multiscale models of complex chemical systems' (1). This award not only recognises the critical contributions by the three laureates to the field of molecular simulations, but also underscores the broad impact that computer...

The work presented here is an extension of an existing machine learning framework called DARE, a system for learning rules that can be used for extracting instances of relations with different complexity from natural language texts ([XuUsLi07] and [Xu07]). In this paper the term “relation”, in contrast to the intuitive sense of the word, refers to a set of tuples with a certain arity. These tup...

Psychologists occasionally study eminent individuals, such as Nobel laureates, U.S. presidents, Olympic athletes, chess grandmasters, movie stars, and even distinguished psychologists. Studies using such significant samples may be differentiated along 7 distinct dimensions: qualitative versus quantitative, single versus multiple case, nomothetic versus idiographic, confirmatory versus explorato...

In the 1980s and 1990s, field of labour economics was at forefront combining economic theory, high-level econometric methods new data sources. The 2021 Nobel Prize in Economics awarded to David Card, Joshua Angrist Guido Imbens, who played key roles this research, for their “empirical contributions economics” (Card) “methodological analysis causality relationships” (Angrist Imbens), according c...