Neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) play a key role in the rewarding and reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse, including alcohol. Ethanol directly increases the firing rate of dopaminergic (DAergic) VTA neurons, but modulation of the firing rate of DAergic VTA neurons can be controlled by a number of factors, including some that are under the control of protein kinase C (PKC). Applicat...

The response of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was analyzed using nuclei and nuclear extracts prepared from PMA-treated KB cells. Transient transfection assays and nuclear run-off experiments showed that PMA increased EGF receptor gene transcription. Cell-free transcription with promoter mutants revealed that the region of the promoter c...

The phorbol ester tumor promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13acetate (PMA) induced mouse resident peritoneal macrophage spreading in an in vitro system in a timeand dose-dependent manner; this process was modified by agents which alter intracellular calcium metabolism. After a 35-min incubation with PMA, 50% of the macrophages were spread (as classified by at least a 2-fold increase in cell surface ...

Addition of polypeptide growth factors to cultured cells results in a rapid stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange, which leads to cytoplasmic alkalinization. We studied the effects of the potent tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on the Na+/H+ exchange system of A431 cells. Stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and serum as well as by vanadate ions is strong...

DEATH FROM AMPHETAMINE USE is a well recognised occurrence, with most reported fatalities involving the use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, or “ecstasy”). In 1998, a series of six cases of death due to an unusual amphetamine drug, paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA), was reported in South Australia.1 The only other comparable report of deaths due to PMA was that of nine deaths in Ontario, ...

Phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) induces proliferation in nonmalignant human B cells and B cells from a patient with B prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL). Mitogen-free T cell-derived conditioned medium acts synergistically with PMA in inducing proliferation of B-PLL cells but does not enhance the PMA-stimulated outgrowth of nonmalignant B cells. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) has no effect on t...

OBJECTIVES Doxycycline is commonly used in medicine for its bacteriostatic antimicrobial properties. Recent studies have reported that doxycycline also has anti-inflammatory effects. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 has been found to be involved in the physiological and pathological process of inflammatory airway disease. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C activator, is k...

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in ferromagnet/oxide systems has attracted considerable attention owing to its significant potential spintronic applications; however, an understanding of the causes PMA enhancement such remains inadequate. This study investigates influence epitaxial strain on Fe/MgO system. The energy increases monotonically as in-plane lattice constant Fe decreases, and...

We examined the effect of the antioxidant lazaroid U-74389F on acute lung injury induced in rabbits by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Thirty minutes after receiving either U-74389F (15 mg.kg-1 i.v.) or U-74389F vehicle, rabbits (n = 60) were given PMA (60 micrograms.kg-1 i.v.). PMA vehicle injected rabbits (n = 20) served as controls. Over a 5 h period after PMA or PMA vehicle injection, we m...

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) has a prompt and selective catabolic effect on striated myofibrils in postmitotic myotubes. Fluorescein-labeled antibodies against light meromyosin were used to follow the effects of PMA on the muscle-specific myosin in myofibrils. The response of actin filaments was monitored by decoration with heavy meromyosin. The response of the two types of 10-nm filam...