In many parts of the developing world, rural areas exhibit high rates of unemployment and underemployment. Understanding what prevents people from migrating to find better jobs is central to the development process. In this paper, we examine whether binding credit constraints and childcare constraints limit the ability of households to send labor migrants, and whether the arrival of a large, st...

Ethnic minorities are concentrated in particular geographical areas in England andWales. Neighbourhood effects, such as the concentration of individuals from particular ethnic groups and levels of local deprivation, can impact upon the labour market performance of ethnic minorities and thus may affect individuals’ pension protection. This paper examines the neighbourhood effect on pension prote...

The paper focuses on the stochastic forecast of the financial sustainability ofbasic pension, based on predictions for the population of China. The population was calculated iteratively by using Leslie matrix. An auto-regressive moving average model was adapted for the predictions of the fertility rates and the mortality rates. The Monte Carlo stochastic method was adapted for the projections o...

Three kinds of the insurance policies for the net premium calculation for married couples are considered. The net premium equation principle is used in all premium calculations. The particular quality of the additional pension assurance is the individual form of its undertaking and the limitation of annual (monthly) pension payments. Due to this fact the biggest interest to the individual insur...

The aim of this article is to describe the Lithuanian pension system, its reform process and its long-term financial sustainability. We define therefore the current reforms in the public pension system, influenced by the last economic crisis and social challenges. Also, we forecast the financial dynamics of the public pension system, in the light of raising social expenses (due to second pillar...

and two anonymous referees. Errors remain the responsibility of the authors. We are grateful to Helen Cochrane funded by CMPO, Bristol for collecting some of the data used in this study. Abstract This paper examines the impact of a company's pension contributions on its dividend and investment policies. The effects of shocks to cash flows on these corporate expenditures are identified by change...

This study examines various factors that potentially explain cross-sectional variations in UK firms’ managerial discretion to switch towards a market-based actuarial pension valuation method for pension funding and reporting purposes. Evidence is based on accounting, actuarial and share market data for an industry-matched pair sample of 62 UK firms. We find a significant relationship between th...

This paper finds that footnote transparency is effective at disciplining managerial discretion and that the market will use information provided in footnotes to assess firm value. After the introduction of FAS132R, firms used less discretion in setting pension assumptions, and the distribution of discretion across firms was reduced. The primary driver of changes in pension expense resulting fro...

 Paid employment determines pension levels, for both women and men. In those European countries in which women have been integrated into the labour market at an early stage their protection in old age is higher today for that reason alone. Germany lags behind in this respect.  Gender-specific differences in the employment participation of the low educated are greater than those between the ed...

The Health Implications of Social Pensions: Evidence from China’s New Rural Pension Scheme* This paper estimates the causal effect of income on health outcomes of the elderly and investigates underlying mechanisms by exploiting an income change induced by the launch of China’s New Rural Pension scheme (NRPS). Using this policy experiment, we address the endogeneity of pension income by applying...