in safavid era, ottoman rulers were interested in science and culture, and there were always iranian physicians, astronomers, scholars, artists and poets in their courts. although there were always wars between most ottoman sultans and the safavid kings, they could not prevent iranian culture from influencing that land. at the same time, artists and scholars went to other countries, including t...

Pairs of Au nanoparticles have recently been proposed as "plasmon rulers" based on the dependence of their light scattering on the interparticle distance. Preliminary work has suggested that plasmon rulers can be used to measure and monitor dynamic distance changes over the 1- to 100-nm length scale in biology. Here, we substantiate that plasmon rulers can be used to measure dynamical biophysic...

A series of P-site probes, chlorambucilyl-(Pro)n-Phe-tRNAPhe, were prepared and reacted with poly(U)-directed Escherichia coli MRE 600 ribosomes. Upon binding of the probes to ribosomes, 90% of the cpm bound were not released following subsequent interaction with puromycin. In the absence of poly(U) or in the presence of poly(C), binding was limited to the amount of cpm bound if ribosomes were ...

in this article instances of the cooperation of faqihs with despotic rulers within the framework of welayat are presented. the writer believes the cooperation of these faqihs can be accounted for resorting to their fiqh-based belief. a close attention to the writings and speeches of these ulama will clarify that the main reason why these ulama cooperated with despotic rulers and accepted their ...

The impact of ideas and norms on world politics has received a good deal of attention in recent scholarship on international relations. Much of this effort was initially directed at engaging rationalist international relations theory on the causal and transformative impact of ideational forces vis-à-vis power and interest. But after gaining ground in this debate, idea scholars have now turned t...

The Golomb Ruler Problem asks to position n integer marks on a ruler such that all pairwise distances between the marks are distinct and the ruler has minimum total length. It is a very challenging combinatorial problem, and provably optimal rulers are only known for n up to 26. Lower bounds can be obtained using Linear Programming formulations, but these are computationally expensive for large...

the kalāntarān dynasty of behbahan and kohgiluye, known as “mirzayan-e tabatabaie” was one of fars' local governments which ruled for seven centuries and had great roles in outstanding historical events of the region, although our information about this dynasty includes the period of the late safavids up to the late qajars. however, researchers have not yet researched effectively on this h...