We provide a detailed accounting of the trend increase in family income volatility in recent decades by quantifying the contributions of household head earnings, spouse earnings, non-transfer non-labor income, transfer income, and tax payments (inclusive of the refundable Earned Income Tax Credit), along with covariances among the income components. Using twoyear matched panels in the Current P...

This study investigated the development of clear speech strategies in children. Groups of 20 talkers aged 9-10 and 1314 years were recorded in pairs while they carried out ‘spot the difference’ picture tasks, either while hearing each other normally (‘no barrier’) or when one talker heard the other via a noise vocoder (VOC), which led their interlocutor (‘talker A’) to clarify their speech to m...

Although it has been documented that daily precipitation extremes are increasing worldwide, faster increases may be expected for subdaily extremes. Here after a careful quality control procedure, we compared trends in hourly and daily precipitation extremes using a large network of stations across the United States (U.S.) within the 1950–2011 period. A greater number of significant increasing t...

Let (G;N) be a pair of groups. In this article, first we con-struct a relative central extension for the pair (G;N) such that specialtypes of covering pair of (G;N) are homomorphic image of it. Second, weshow that every perfect pair admits at least one covering pair. Finally,among extending some properties of perfect groups to perfect pairs, wecharacterize covering pairs of a perfect pair (G;N)...

the multivariate calibration method, partial least square regression (pls) was applied for thesimultaneous spectrophotometric determination of lidocaine (lid) and hydrocortisone acetate(hca) in their mixtures. the parameters of chemometric technique were optimized and theproposed method was validated with synthetic samples and applied to analyze these drugs inpharmaceutical products with good a...