In multiagent systems the action that an agent chooses depends on the state of other agents. It is therefore important to have an accurate representation of the current world state. In case the world is only partially observable, an agent does not continually perceive the state of the other agents. It is then essential to model the actions of the other agents to predict their future state. In t...

Human grading of programming assignments is a tedious and error-prone task, a problem compounded by the large enrolments of many programming courses. As a result, students in such courses tend to be given fewer programming assignments than should be ideally given. One solution to this problem is to automate the grading process such that students can electronically submit their programming assig...

This paper describes the main features of the UvA Trilearn soccer simulation team, which participated for the first time at the RoboCup-2001 competition. The main concepts of the previous teams will be addressed, followed by the improvements introduced in UvA Trilearn 2003. These include an extension of the intercept skill, improved passing behavior and especially the usage of coordination grap...

the crises sometimes cause a man(zawj) to become absent so that no news have been received from him. shiite and sunnite religions have two opinions about the situation of the wife(zawjah) of the continuously absent person: patience until his life or death becomes clear, and waiting four months and ten days(ieddeh of death) after waiting for a determined period. shiite jurists, in condition that...

the judiciary is a branch of wilayah (guardian ship). in where it has the highest value and position. and the gravest responsibility. all brancehes of wilayah are valid so long as they could implement their proper goals, islam regards a judge not as amere employees or public servants acting in a specified way, rather, it views them as a guardians and executor of justice, whose be havior is base...

This past year, Judge Richard Posner published a pair of essays endorsing the common law method of constitutional interpretation. “David Strauss is right,” he wrote, in a contribution to Slate’s annual Supreme Court Breakfast Table. “The Supreme Court treats the Constitution like it is authorizing the court to create a common law of constitutional law, based on current concerns, not what those ...